There are different varieties of agaricus mushroom, the more common ones are agaricus bisporus, agaricus campestris, and agaricus blazei. Agaricus bisporus is the most common edible mushroom in Western countries. Agaricus campestris has the common name Meadow Mushroom and known in French as Champignon.
Over the last decade, Agaricus blazei has been studied and developed as a novel functional food in Japan, Korea, China, and Taiwan. Traditionally known as "God's Mushroom," agaricus contains polysaccharide-protein complexes that have been researched for their immune activity. See Immune for top ten ways to maintain a healthy immune system.
Agaricus blazei mushroom extract
90 Veggie CapsDoctor's Best
Agaricus blazei is a medicinal mushroom that contains a special class of polysaccharides known as beta glucans. Studies show beta glucans stimulates activity of natural killer (NK) cells, which are an important part of the immune system. The Agaricus blazei in this product is extracted with the preferred hot water/alcohol method to increase its digestibility and enhance bioavailability of the polysaccharides. Originally discovered in Brazil, Agaricus blazei is widely consumed in many countries, where it is regarded as a health food due to its medicinal properties. Agaricus mushroom helps maintain the immune system.
Agaricus Blazei Supplement Facts:
Serving Size: 1 Capsule
Amount Per Serving:
Agaricus blazei extract - 400 mg *
(fruiting body)
Supplies polysaccharides - 160 mg *
Black pepper extract - 5 mg*
(fruit) (Bioperine ®)
Suggested Use: Take 1 or 2 agaricus capsules daily or as recommended by your health care provider. Until we learn more about the long term effects of taking agaricus extracts, taking a day or two off each week and a few days off each month may be a good idea.
* Agaricus extract daily value not established.
Click here to find out more about this Agaricus extract or to sign up to a Free newsletter
Subscribe to a FREE Supplement Research Update newsletter. Twice a month you will receive information on several new studies on various supplements and natural medicine topics and their practical interpretation by Ray Sahelian, M.D. We will mention research updates on agaricus mushroom as they become available.
Agaricus Mushroom Information
The group of mushroms in the Agaricus family are probably some of the best known mushrooms in the Western world. The white buttons sold in stores as "mushrooms" are a cultivated variety of Agaricus (Agaricus bisporus now called Agaricus brunnescens). The "wild" Crimini and Portabella mushrooms are also cultivars of this species. A cultivar is defined as a variety of a plant that has been created or selected intentionally and maintained through cultivation.
Agaricus Mushroom substances
There are many different substances in agaricus mushroom that have potential medicinal properties including polysacharides such as beta glucan, ergosterol, sodium pyroglutamate, laccase, lectin, and blazeispirane derivatives.
Agaricus Research Update
Structural Characterization of beta-glucans of Agaricus brasiliensis in Different Stages of Fruiting Body Maturity and their Use in Nutraceutical Products.
Biotechnol Lett. 2005 Sep;27(17):1295-9.
Beta-Glucans of Agaricus brasiliensis fruiting bodies in different stages of maturity were isolated and characterized. These fractions had greater amount of (1-->6)-beta-glucan and the (1-->3)-beta-glucan increased with fruiting bodies maturation. Yields of beta-glucans increased from 42 mg beta-glucans g(-1) fruiting bodies (dry wt) in immature stage to 43 mg g(-1) in mature stage with immature spores, and decreased to 40 mg g(-1) in mature stage with spore maturation. Mature fruiting bodies of agaricus mushroom, which included these glucans, have potential therapeutical benefits for use in nutraceutical products.
Extract from Agaricus blazei Murill can enhance immune responses elicited by DNA vaccine against foot-and-mouth disease.
Vet Immunol Immunopathol. 2005 Oct 4;
The fungus Agaricus blazei Murill is particularly rich in polysaccharides, which have shown particularly strong results in treating and preventing cancers. The goal of this study was to investigate whether co-administration of the agaricus extract with foot-and-mouth disease virus DNA vaccine could increase the immune responses. Compared with the control mice, which received FMDV DNA vaccine alone, significant increase in not only the FMDV-specific antibody response but also T cell proliferation was observed in mice which received FMDV DNA vaccine plus the ABM extract. Taken together, these results demonstrated that application of the ABM extract might provide a strategy to improve the efficacy of DNA vaccines.
Isolation of an anti-angiogenic substance from Agaricus blazei Murill: its antitumor and antimetastatic actions.
Cancer Sci. 2004 Sep;95(9):758-64.
We previously found that ergosterol isolated from Agaricus blazei inhibited tumor growth through the inhibition of tumor-induced neovascularization. In the present study, we isolated further anti-angiogenic substances (A-1 and A-2) from agaricus fungus This is the first report showing that sodium pyroglutamate isolated from Agaricus blazei as an anti-angiogenic substance has potent antitumor and antimetastatic actions, as well as immune-modulatory activity, in tumor-bearing mice.
Lack of subchronic toxicity of an aqueous extract of Agaricus blazei Murrill in F344 rats.
Food Chem Toxicol. 2005 Jul;43(7):1047-53.
Agaricus blazei Murrill, an edible mushroom, is widely used as a functional food due to its possible medicinal effects. Aqueous extracts are also used as food additive to provide an agreeable bitter taste. As a part of its safety assessment, the present 90-day subchronic toxicity study was performed in F344 rats. In conclusion, A. blazei Murrill extract even at 5% in the diet did not cause remarkable adverse effects in F344 rats.
Natural killer cell activity and quality of life were improved by consumption of a mushroom extract, Agaricus blazei Murill Kyowa, in gynecological cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy.
Int J Gynecol Cancer. 2004 Jul-Aug;14(4):589-94.
A mushroom extract, Agaricus blazei Murill Kyowa (ABMK), has been reported to possess antimutagenic and antitumor effects. Here, we investigate the beneficial effects of ABMK consumption on immunological status and qualities of life in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. One hundred cervical, ovarian, and endometrial cancer patients were treated either with carboplatin (300 mg / m(2)) plus VP16 (etoposide, 100 mg / m(2)) or with carboplatin (300 mg / m(2)) plus taxol (175 mg / m(2)) every 3 weeks for at least three cycles with or without oral consumption of ABMK. We observed that natural killer cell activity was significantly higher in ABMK-treated group (ANOVA, n = 39, P < 0.002) as compared with nontreated placebo group (n = 61). However, no significant difference in lymphokine-activated killer and monocyte activities was observed in a manner similar to the count of specific immune cell populations between ABMK-treated and nontreated groups. However, chemotherapy-associated side effects such as appetite, alopecia, emotional stability, and general weakness were all improved by ABMK treatment. Taken together, this suggests that ABMK treatment might be beneficial for gynecological cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy.
Effects of extracts from Brazilian sun-mushroom (Agaricus blazei) on the NK activity and lymphoproliferative responsiveness of Ehrlich tumor-bearing mice.
Food Chem Toxicol. 2004 Jun;42(6):909-16.
Agaricus blazei Murrill, is an edible and medicinal mushroom which is popularly consumed due to its antitumoral properties. The immunomodulatory effects of methanol (METH), dichloromethane (DM) and n-hexane (HEX) extracts of this mushroom were evaluated in Ehrlich tumor-bearing mice. Subcutaneous inoculation of Ehrlich tumor cells inhibited the natural killer (NK) activity of spleen cells (specific lysis=6.18+/-2.56%) compared with normal mice (17.59+/-7.77%). Treatment of tumor-bearing mice with the extracts for 10 days restored the natural killer activity against Yac-1 target cells and the best results were observed by treatment with the HEX extract (21.48+/-5.26%). Treatment of the animals with the HEX extract for 10 days was also able to stimulate the mitogen-induced lymphoproliferative activity of spleen cells. Thirty days after the treatment, all groups presented low proliferative activity. Specific antibody production was observed to be higher in the groups treated with the DM or METH extract 30 days after the treatment. Analysis of the 3 extracts by gas chromatography mass spectrum (GCMS) and magnetic nuclear resonance (MNR) showed that the HEX extract contains mainly sugar and fatty acids and that the METH extract also contains sugar and possibly amino acids.
Oral administration of Agaricus blazei (H1 strain) inhibited tumor growth in a sarcoma 180 inoculation model.
Exp Anim. 2003 Oct;52(5):371-5.
Agaricus blazei (H1 strain) was tested for its anti-cancer activity using a sarcoma 180 (S180) inoculation model and the changing patterns of splenocyte subsets were examined. Its hot-water extract was administered orally to ICR and KSN nude mice that were inoculated with S180. The growth of S180 was significantly inhibited in agaricus treated groups. Pan T cells significantly increased in all treated groups compared to controls, even in KSN nude mice. Splenocyte subset changes were slightly different between ICR and KSN nude mice. This S180 inoculation model proved to be effective in screening the antitumor effect of basidiomycetes and allowed comparisons of immunological cellular changes between the mouse strains.
Chemoprevention of preneoplastic liver foci development by dietary mushroom Agaricus blazei Murrill in the rat.
Food Chem Toxicol. 2003 Nov;41(11):1543-50.
The chemopreventive potential of an Agaricus blazei mushroom meal was investigated in a medium-term rat liver carcinogenesis assay. Male Wistar rats initiated for hepatocarcinogenesis with diethylnitrosamine (DEN, 200 mg/kg i.p.) were fed during a 6-week period with the dry powdered agaricus mushroom strains Ab 29 or 26, each one with opened (OB) or closed basidiocarp (CB), mixed at 10% level in a basal diet. All experimental animals and controls were subjected to partial hepatectomy at week 3 and killed at week 8. Chemopreventive activity of the mushroom meal was observed for the Ab 29 (OB and CB) and Ab 26 (CB) strains in terms of the number of putative preneoplastic altered foci of hepatocytes which express either the enzyme glutathione S-transferase, placental form (GST-P+) or the transforming growth factor-alpha, and for the Ab 29 (OB) and Ab 26 (CB) strains on the size of GST-P+ foci. This was associated with inhibition of foci cell proliferation in the animals fed the Ab 29 (OB) and Ab 26 (CB) strains. The results suggest that the protective influence of the Ab meal against the DEN potential for rat liver carcinogenicity depends on both the strain and period of mushroom harvest.
Novel analgesic triglycerides from cultures of Agaricus macrosporus and other basidiomycetes as selective inhibitors of neurolysin.
J Antibiot (Tokyo). 2005 Dec;58(12):775-86.
The agaricoglycerides are a new class of fungal secondary metabolites that constitute esters of chlorinated 4-hydroxy benzoic acid and glycerol. They are produced in cultures of the edible mushroom, Agaricus macrosporus, and several other basidiomycetes of the genera Agaricus, Hypholoma, Psathyrella and Stropharia. The main active principle, agaricoglyceride A, showed strong activities against neurolysin, a protease involved in the regulation of dynorphin and neurotensin metabolism.
Agaricus mushroom emails
Q. Which agaricus mushroom extract is most effective for cancer treatment.?
A. Since agaricus mushroom human trials are very limited, it is difficult to guess which agaricus mushroom extract is better, what dosages are ideal, and how often one should take agaricus mushroom extract and for how long. All these questions about agaricus and cancer are still not answered by the research. We need several more studies with agaricus extract by different research teams to have more answers.
Q. Is Agaricus blazei similar to Agaricus bisporus?
A. Agaricus mushroom comes in different varieties, and most of the research has been done with agaricus blazei. Therefore, it is difficult to say how similar agaricul bisporus is to agaricus blazei in terms of its effects on the human immune system or cancer treatment. In addition, it is possible to have an agaricus extract from one company that could be slightly or moderately different from an agaricus extract from a different company since there is no standardization in agaricus mushroom extract products. Different fractions can be present in an agaricus supplement depending whether it is extracted by water, heat, ethanol, hexane, and other methods of extraction.
Q. I read on a website that extracts from the edible mushroom Agaricus blazei Murill are used as a non-prescription remedy against cancer, infections, and immune related diseases. Is this true.
A. Although agaricus extract has been studied in cancer and immune related diseases, much more research is needed to find out how effective agaricus extract is in treating these medical diseases.
Q. Can you tell me about agaricus liquid extract?
A. We have heard that agaricus liquid extract is sold, but we have not seen any research why this form would be any better than regular agaricus extract.
Different varieties of Agaricus Mushroom include:
Agaricus bisporus is a common edible cultivated mushroom also known as white mushroom. The lectin from the common mushroom Agaricus bisporus, the most popular edible species in Western countries, has potent antiproliferative effects on human epithelial cancer cells, without any apparent cytotoxicity. This property confers to it an important therapeutic potential as an antineoplastic agent.
Agaricus campestris - also known as meadow mushroom
Agaricus blazei is an edible and medicinal mushroom. Agaricus blazei is also known as the Brazilian sun mushroom or himematsutake.
Agaricus subrufescens Peck was cultivated first in the late 1800s in eastern North America. Once a popular market mushroom, this agaricus species faded from commerce in the early 20th century. More recently, a mushroom species growing wild in Brazil has been introduced into cultivation in Brazil, Japan and elsewhere. This Brazilian mushroom has been referred to by various names, most commonly as Agaricus blazei Murrill (sensu Heinemann) and most recently as A. brasiliensis Wasser et al.
Agaricus macrosporus
Agaricus xanthodermus is not edible
Agaricus californicus is a North-American species
Agaricus Alberti
Agaricus muscarius
Agaricus ciuperci
===============
http://www.raysahelian.com/mushroom.html
Types of Common Edible and Medicinal Mushroom
Agaricus is a mushroom that has several well known varieties including meadow mushroom and a medicinal mushroom known as agaricus blazei.
Different varieties of Agaricus Mushroom include:
Agaricus bisporus mushroom is a common, edible, cultivated mushroom also known as white mushroom. The lectin from the common mushroom Agaricus bisporus, the most popular edible species in Western countries, has potent antiproliferative effects on human epithelial cancer cells, without any apparent cytotoxicity. This property confers to it an important therapeutic potential as an antineoplastic agent.
Agaricus campestris - also known as meadow mushroom
Agaricus blazei is an edible and medicinal mushroom. Agaricus blazei is also known as the Brazilian sun mushroom or himematsutake.
Agaricus subrufescens Peck was cultivated first in the late 1800s in eastern North America. Once a popular market mushroom, this agaricus species faded from commerce in the early 20th century. More recently, a mushroom species growing wild in Brazil has been introduced into cultivation in Brazil, Japan and elsewhere. This Brazilian mushroom has been referred to by various names, most commonly as Agaricus blazei Murrill (sensu Heinemann) and most recently as A. brasiliensis Wasser et al.
Agaricus macrosporus mushroom
Agaricus xanthodermus mushroom is not edible
Agaricus californicus mushroom is a North-American species.
Commercial Mushroom growing
Mushrooms grow in compost. It starts with horse manure and straw, the correct balance of moisture and air is critical. Mushroom farmers have to turn the pile frequently to air it out and they water it daily for about a week. Biological activity occurs with the formation of ammonia while microorganisms grow and reproduce releasing heat. Good compost require a nitrogen content of about 2 percent so farmers add a nitrogen supplement in the form of chicken manure. They also add gypsum, a mineral that neutralizes the acidity and improves the structure of the compost. At the week or two week mark, depending on how the compost is progressing, it goes into the composter which waters, aerates and blends it. The compost comes out smelling like ammonia in the color of chocolate brown. Next, it is pasteurized to kill insects or insect eggs. The compost is heated to 136 degrees for about 8 hours then at 113 degrees for 5 days. Over the next few days the compost is cooled to 77 degrees as the microorganisms turn the nitrogen into a nitrogen protein, a mushroom nutrient. At this stage the compost is finally done. The mushroom farmer sows grains of wheat inoculated with mycelia, fine threads of fungi that act as the mushroom roots. A layer of soil and peat moss goes on top of the compost. The mycelium draws water from the soil and nutrients from the compost. After about 2 weeks, tiny mushrooms begin to develop. The mushrooms grow fast, doubling in size every 24 hours, mostly in darkness. Mushrooms don't need sunlight, but need air. Mushrooms breathe in oxygen and put out carbon dioxide, opposite of photosynthetic plants. Mushroom pickers are careful not to pull out the roots since the roots left intact can produce additional mushrooms every few days. Harvested mushrooms are placed in a refrigerator, just above freezing temperature for a half hour to stop the growing process. It takes about 12 weeks from the start of composting to the supermarket shelf.
Hallucinogenic Mushrooms
The group of hallucinogenic psilocybin-containing mushrooms include the species of the genera Conocybe, Gymnopilus, Panaeolus, Pluteus, Psilocybe, and Stropharia. These "magic", psychoactive fungi have the serotonergic hallucinogen psilocybin. Toxicity of these mushrooms is possible because of the popularity of hallucinogens. Psilocybin and its active metabolite psilocin are similar to lysergic acid diethylamide. These hallucinogens affect the central nervous system rapidly (usually within 20 minutes to an hour after ingestion), producing ataxia, the urge to move, and hallucinations.
In one of the few controlled human studies of a known illegal hallucinogen, the active ingredient in "sacred mushrooms" created what researchers are describing as deep mystical experiences that left many of the study participants with a long lasting sense of well-being. The controversial study, conducted by Johns Hopkins University of Medicine, looked at whether a pill containing psilocybin, derived from the psilocybe mushroom, would induce mystical experiences among 36 healthy adult study participants. All had religious backgrounds, and all were also given the active drug ingredient in the attention-deficit disorder drug, Ritalin, at a separate time as a comparison. Sixty percent of the psilocybin group elicited behaviors consistent with a "full mystical experience." Two months later, 80 percent of the mushroom group reported "moderately to greatly increased" well-being or life satisfaction. "Many of the volunteers in our study reported, in one way or another, a direct, personal experience of the 'Beyond,' " said study leader Roland Griffiths, a professor with Hopkins' departments of Neuroscience and Psychiatry and Behavioral Biology.
Psilocybin is one of a class of serotonin receptors compounds (similar to the chemical used in many antidepressants) whose effects include changes in perception and cognition.
Mushroom and Cancer
Extracts from a mushroom used for centuries in Eastern Asian medicine may be able to boost the power of a leading chemotherapy drug for prostate cancer. When the mushroom called Phellinus linteus is added to the drug doxorubicin in the laboratory it improved its ability to kill cancerous cells. Researchers added the mushroom extract to doses of the drug that would have otherwise been too small to have any effect. They found that the combination was just as effective in killing cancerous cells as larger doses of the drug alone, but without harming healthy cells. Professor Sung-Hoon Kim of Kyung Hee University in South Korea provided the researchers with the extract of the mushroom, which is known as "sang-hwang" in Korean, "mesimakobu" in Japanese and "song gen" in Chinese.
===
Toxic Mushrooms
Amanita Mushroom - Amanita is the most recognizable toxic mushroom.
Gyromitra mushroom or false morrel (monomethylhydrazine) poisoning may be partly treated with pyridoxine.
==================================
http://www.raysahelian.com/agaricus.html
AGARICUS Mushroom by Ray Sahelian, M.D. (hundreds of natural health topics)
There are different varieties of agaricus mushroom, the more common ones are agaricus bisporus, agaricus campestris, and agaricus blazei. Agaricus bisporus is the most common edible mushroom in Western countries. Agaricus campestris has the common name Meadow Mushroom and known in French as Champignon.
Over the last decade, Agaricus blazei has been studied and developed as a novel functional food in Japan, Korea, China, and Taiwan. Traditionally known as "God's Mushroom," agaricus contains polysaccharide-protein complexes that have been researched for their immune activity. See Immune for top ten ways to maintain a healthy immune system.
Agaricus blazei mushroom extract
90 Veggie CapsDoctor's Best
Agaricus blazei is a medicinal mushroom that contains a special class of polysaccharides known as beta glucans. Studies show beta glucans stimulates activity of natural killer (NK) cells, which are an important part of the immune system. The Agaricus blazei in this product is extracted with the preferred hot water/alcohol method to increase its digestibility and enhance bioavailability of the polysaccharides. Originally discovered in Brazil, Agaricus blazei is widely consumed in many countries, where it is regarded as a health food due to its medicinal properties. Agaricus mushroom helps maintain the immune system.
Agaricus Blazei Supplement Facts:
Serving Size: 1 Capsule
Amount Per Serving:
Agaricus blazei extract - 400 mg *
(fruiting body)
Supplies polysaccharides - 160 mg *
Black pepper extract - 5 mg*
(fruit) (Bioperine ®)
Suggested Use: Take 1 or 2 agaricus capsules daily or as recommended by your health care provider. Until we learn more about the long term effects of taking agaricus extracts, taking a day or two off each week and a few days off each month may be a good idea.
* Agaricus extract daily value not established.
Click here to find out more about this Agaricus extract or to sign up to a Free newsletterSubscribe to a FREE Supplement Research Update newsletter. Twice a month you will receive information on several new studies on various supplements and natural medicine topics and their practical interpretation by Ray Sahelian, M.D. We will mention research updates on agaricus mushroom as they become available.
Agaricus Mushroom Information
The group of mushroms in the Agaricus family are probably some of the best known mushrooms in the Western world. The white buttons sold in stores as "mushrooms" are a cultivated variety of Agaricus (Agaricus bisporus now called Agaricus brunnescens). The "wild" Crimini and Portabella mushrooms are also cultivars of this species. A cultivar is defined as a variety of a plant that has been created or selected intentionally and maintained through cultivation.
Agaricus Mushroom substances
There are many different substances in agaricus mushroom that have potential medicinal properties including polysacharides such as beta glucan, ergosterol, sodium pyroglutamate, laccase, lectin, and blazeispirane derivatives.
Agaricus Research Update
Structural Characterization of beta-glucans of Agaricus brasiliensis in Different Stages of Fruiting Body Maturity and their Use in Nutraceutical Products.
Biotechnol Lett. 2005 Sep;27(17):1295-9.
Beta-Glucans of Agaricus brasiliensis fruiting bodies in different stages of maturity were isolated and characterized. These fractions had greater amount of (1-->6)-beta-glucan and the (1-->3)-beta-glucan increased with fruiting bodies maturation. Yields of beta-glucans increased from 42 mg beta-glucans g(-1) fruiting bodies (dry wt) in immature stage to 43 mg g(-1) in mature stage with immature spores, and decreased to 40 mg g(-1) in mature stage with spore maturation. Mature fruiting bodies of agaricus mushroom, which included these glucans, have potential therapeutical benefits for use in nutraceutical products.
Extract from Agaricus blazei Murill can enhance immune responses elicited by DNA vaccine against foot-and-mouth disease.
Vet Immunol Immunopathol. 2005 Oct 4;
The fungus Agaricus blazei Murill is particularly rich in polysaccharides, which have shown particularly strong results in treating and preventing cancers. The goal of this study was to investigate whether co-administration of the agaricus extract with foot-and-mouth disease virus DNA vaccine could increase the immune responses. Compared with the control mice, which received FMDV DNA vaccine alone, significant increase in not only the FMDV-specific antibody response but also T cell proliferation was observed in mice which received FMDV DNA vaccine plus the ABM extract. Taken together, these results demonstrated that application of the ABM extract might provide a strategy to improve the efficacy of DNA vaccines.
Isolation of an anti-angiogenic substance from Agaricus blazei Murill: its antitumor and antimetastatic actions.
Cancer Sci. 2004 Sep;95(9):758-64.
We previously found that ergosterol isolated from Agaricus blazei inhibited tumor growth through the inhibition of tumor-induced neovascularization. In the present study, we isolated further anti-angiogenic substances (A-1 and A-2) from agaricus fungus This is the first report showing that sodium pyroglutamate isolated from Agaricus blazei as an anti-angiogenic substance has potent antitumor and antimetastatic actions, as well as immune-modulatory activity, in tumor-bearing mice.
Lack of subchronic toxicity of an aqueous extract of Agaricus blazei Murrill in F344 rats.
Food Chem Toxicol. 2005 Jul;43(7):1047-53.
Agaricus blazei Murrill, an edible mushroom, is widely used as a functional food due to its possible medicinal effects. Aqueous extracts are also used as food additive to provide an agreeable bitter taste. As a part of its safety assessment, the present 90-day subchronic toxicity study was performed in F344 rats. In conclusion, A. blazei Murrill extract even at 5% in the diet did not cause remarkable adverse effects in F344 rats.
Natural killer cell activity and quality of life were improved by consumption of a mushroom extract, Agaricus blazei Murill Kyowa, in gynecological cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy.
Int J Gynecol Cancer. 2004 Jul-Aug;14(4):589-94.
A mushroom extract, Agaricus blazei Murill Kyowa (ABMK), has been reported to possess antimutagenic and antitumor effects. Here, we investigate the beneficial effects of ABMK consumption on immunological status and qualities of life in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. One hundred cervical, ovarian, and endometrial cancer patients were treated either with carboplatin (300 mg / m(2)) plus VP16 (etoposide, 100 mg / m(2)) or with carboplatin (300 mg / m(2)) plus taxol (175 mg / m(2)) every 3 weeks for at least three cycles with or without oral consumption of ABMK. We observed that natural killer cell activity was significantly higher in ABMK-treated group (ANOVA, n = 39, P < 0.002) as compared with nontreated placebo group (n = 61). However, no significant difference in lymphokine-activated killer and monocyte activities was observed in a manner similar to the count of specific immune cell populations between ABMK-treated and nontreated groups. However, chemotherapy-associated side effects such as appetite, alopecia, emotional stability, and general weakness were all improved by ABMK treatment. Taken together, this suggests that ABMK treatment might be beneficial for gynecological cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy.
Effects of extracts from Brazilian sun-mushroom (Agaricus blazei) on the NK activity and lymphoproliferative responsiveness of Ehrlich tumor-bearing mice.
Food Chem Toxicol. 2004 Jun;42(6):909-16.
Agaricus blazei Murrill, is an edible and medicinal mushroom which is popularly consumed due to its antitumoral properties. The immunomodulatory effects of methanol (METH), dichloromethane (DM) and n-hexane (HEX) extracts of this mushroom were evaluated in Ehrlich tumor-bearing mice. Subcutaneous inoculation of Ehrlich tumor cells inhibited the natural killer (NK) activity of spleen cells (specific lysis=6.18+/-2.56%) compared with normal mice (17.59+/-7.77%). Treatment of tumor-bearing mice with the extracts for 10 days restored the natural killer activity against Yac-1 target cells and the best results were observed by treatment with the HEX extract (21.48+/-5.26%). Treatment of the animals with the HEX extract for 10 days was also able to stimulate the mitogen-induced lymphoproliferative activity of spleen cells. Thirty days after the treatment, all groups presented low proliferative activity. Specific antibody production was observed to be higher in the groups treated with the DM or METH extract 30 days after the treatment. Analysis of the 3 extracts by gas chromatography mass spectrum (GCMS) and magnetic nuclear resonance (MNR) showed that the HEX extract contains mainly sugar and fatty acids and that the METH extract also contains sugar and possibly amino acids.
Oral administration of Agaricus blazei (H1 strain) inhibited tumor growth in a sarcoma 180 inoculation model.
Exp Anim. 2003 Oct;52(5):371-5.
Agaricus blazei (H1 strain) was tested for its anti-cancer activity using a sarcoma 180 (S180) inoculation model and the changing patterns of splenocyte subsets were examined. Its hot-water extract was administered orally to ICR and KSN nude mice that were inoculated with S180. The growth of S180 was significantly inhibited in agaricus treated groups. Pan T cells significantly increased in all treated groups compared to controls, even in KSN nude mice. Splenocyte subset changes were slightly different between ICR and KSN nude mice. This S180 inoculation model proved to be effective in screening the antitumor effect of basidiomycetes and allowed comparisons of immunological cellular changes between the mouse strains.
Chemoprevention of preneoplastic liver foci development by dietary mushroom Agaricus blazei Murrill in the rat.
Food Chem Toxicol. 2003 Nov;41(11):1543-50.
The chemopreventive potential of an Agaricus blazei mushroom meal was investigated in a medium-term rat liver carcinogenesis assay. Male Wistar rats initiated for hepatocarcinogenesis with diethylnitrosamine (DEN, 200 mg/kg i.p.) were fed during a 6-week period with the dry powdered agaricus mushroom strains Ab 29 or 26, each one with opened (OB) or closed basidiocarp (CB), mixed at 10% level in a basal diet. All experimental animals and controls were subjected to partial hepatectomy at week 3 and killed at week 8. Chemopreventive activity of the mushroom meal was observed for the Ab 29 (OB and CB) and Ab 26 (CB) strains in terms of the number of putative preneoplastic altered foci of hepatocytes which express either the enzyme glutathione S-transferase, placental form (GST-P+) or the transforming growth factor-alpha, and for the Ab 29 (OB) and Ab 26 (CB) strains on the size of GST-P+ foci. This was associated with inhibition of foci cell proliferation in the animals fed the Ab 29 (OB) and Ab 26 (CB) strains. The results suggest that the protective influence of the Ab meal against the DEN potential for rat liver carcinogenicity depends on both the strain and period of mushroom harvest.
Novel analgesic triglycerides from cultures of Agaricus macrosporus and other basidiomycetes as selective inhibitors of neurolysin.
J Antibiot (Tokyo). 2005 Dec;58(12):775-86.
The agaricoglycerides are a new class of fungal secondary metabolites that constitute esters of chlorinated 4-hydroxy benzoic acid and glycerol. They are produced in cultures of the edible mushroom, Agaricus macrosporus, and several other basidiomycetes of the genera Agaricus, Hypholoma, Psathyrella and Stropharia. The main active principle, agaricoglyceride A, showed strong activities against neurolysin, a protease involved in the regulation of dynorphin and neurotensin metabolism.
Agaricus mushroom emails
Q. Which agaricus mushroom extract is most effective for cancer treatment.?
A. Since agaricus mushroom human trials are very limited, it is difficult to guess which agaricus mushroom extract is better, what dosages are ideal, and how often one should take agaricus mushroom extract and for how long. All these questions about agaricus and cancer are still not answered by the research. We need several more studies with agaricus extract by different research teams to have more answers.
Q. Is Agaricus blazei similar to Agaricus bisporus?
A. Agaricus mushroom comes in different varieties, and most of the research has been done with agaricus blazei. Therefore, it is difficult to say how similar agaricul bisporus is to agaricus blazei in terms of its effects on the human immune system or cancer treatment. In addition, it is possible to have an agaricus extract from one company that could be slightly or moderately different from an agaricus extract from a different company since there is no standardization in agaricus mushroom extract products. Different fractions can be present in an agaricus supplement depending whether it is extracted by water, heat, ethanol, hexane, and other methods of extraction.
Q. I read on a website that extracts from the edible mushroom Agaricus blazei Murill are used as a non-prescription remedy against cancer, infections, and immune related diseases. Is this true.
A. Although agaricus extract has been studied in cancer and immune related diseases, much more research is needed to find out how effective agaricus extract is in treating these medical diseases.
Q. Can you tell me about agaricus liquid extract?
A. We have heard that agaricus liquid extract is sold, but we have not seen any research why this form would be any better than regular agaricus extract.
Different varieties of Agaricus Mushroom include:
Agaricus bisporus is a common edible cultivated mushroom also known as white mushroom. The lectin from the common mushroom Agaricus bisporus, the most popular edible species in Western countries, has potent antiproliferative effects on human epithelial cancer cells, without any apparent cytotoxicity. This property confers to it an important therapeutic potential as an antineoplastic agent.
Agaricus campestris - also known as meadow mushroom
Agaricus blazei is an edible and medicinal mushroom. Agaricus blazei is also known as the Brazilian sun mushroom or himematsutake.
Agaricus subrufescens Peck was cultivated first in the late 1800s in eastern North America. Once a popular market mushroom, this agaricus species faded from commerce in the early 20th century. More recently, a mushroom species growing wild in Brazil has been introduced into cultivation in Brazil, Japan and elsewhere. This Brazilian mushroom has been referred to by various names, most commonly as Agaricus blazei Murrill (sensu Heinemann) and most recently as A. brasiliensis Wasser et al.
Agaricus macrosporus
Agaricus xanthodermus is not edible
Agaricus californicus is a North-American species
Agaricus Alberti
Agaricus muscarius
Agaricus ciuperci
=====
http://greenthumbs.tribe.net/thread/8f68972b-e7b0-4c19-99f0-4a267fe8808e
Re: portabello mushrooms
Portos are a bit of a marketing scam. If you can grow common buttons, you can grow portabellos using the same starting process.
Buttons are just younger versions. Let 'em grow past the white buttony stage and you have creminis, and let 'em grow a bit more, you've got baby bellos, and even a bit more, et voila Portabellos!
|
Growing your own mushrooms from a tissue culture by the peroxide method, ... Can white button mushrooms be grown on sawdust rather than on compost? ...
www.mycomasters.com/Science-fair-projects.html - 7k - How to Grow Gourmet Mushrooms - eHow.com
|
====Links to RAPTURE IMMINENT messages, don't try to join, 'joiner' doesn't work for me!--
http://groups.msn.com/RaptureImminent/general.msnw?action=get_threads&Dir=0&ID_Last=96
http://groups.msn.com/RaptureImminent/general.msnw?action=get_threads&Dir=0&ID_Last=255
http://groups.msn.com/RaptureImminent/messages.msnw
Offline 
Send Email