25 Reasons to Deport Illegal Aliens:

1. $11 Billion to $22 billion is spent on welfare to illegal aliens each year.  http://tinyurl.com/zob77

2. $2.2 Billion dollars a year is spent on food assistance programs such as food stamps, WIC, and free school lunches for illegal aliens.
http://www.cis.org/articles/2004/fiscalexec.html

3. $2.5 Billion dollars a year is spent on Medicaid for illegal aliens.
http://www.cis.org/articles/2004/fiscalexec.html

4. $12 Billion dollars a year is spent on primary and secondary school education for children here illegally.
http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0604/01/ldt.01.html

5. $17 Billion dollars a year is spent for education for the
American-born children of illegal aliens, known as anchor babies.
http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0604/01/ldt.01.html

6. $3 Million Dollars a DAY is spent to incarcerate illegal aliens.
http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0604/01/ldt.01.html

7. 30% percent of all Federal Prison inmates are illegal aliens.
http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0604/01/ldt.01.html

8. $90 Billion Dollars a year is spent on illegal aliens for Welfare &
social services by the American taxpayers.
http://premium.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0610/29/ldt.01.html

9. $200 Billion Dollars a year in suppressed American wages are caused by the illegal aliens.
http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0604/01/ldt.01.html

10. The illegal aliens in the United States have a crime rate that's two and a half times that of white non-illegal aliens. In particular, their
children, are going to make a huge additional crime problem in the
United States.
http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0606/12/ldt.01.html

11. During the year of 2005 there were 4 to 10 MILLION illegal aliens that crossed our Southern Border also, as many as 19,500 illegal aliens from Terrorist Countries. Millions of pounds of drugs, cocaine, meth, heroine and marijuana, crossed into the U. S. from the Southern border.
Homeland Security Report:
http://tinyurl.com/t9sht=20

12. The National Policy Institute, "estimated that the total cost of
mass deportation would be between $206 and $230 billion or an average cost of between $41 and $46 billion annually over a five year period."
http://www.nationalpolicyinstitute.org/pdf/deportation.pdf

13. In 2006 illegal aliens sent home $45 BILLION in remittances back to their countries of origin.
http://www.rense.com/general75/niht.htm

14. "The Dark Side of Illegal Immigration: Nearly One Million Sex Crimes Committed by Illegal Immigrants In The United States".
http://www.drdsk.com/articles.html

15. Every day 12 Americans are murdered by an illegal alien.=20
Another 13 Americans are killed by uninsured drunk illegal aliens and Eight American Children are victims of a sex crime committed by an illegal alien each day! (Toto, we're not in Kansas anymore.)
http://tinyurl.com/2ungbu=20

16. Today, criminal aliens account for over 29 percent of prisoners in Federal Bureau of Prisons facilities and a higher share of all federal prison inmates. These prisoners represent the fastest growing segment of the federal prison population.
Incarceration of criminal aliens cost an estimated $624 million to state prisons (1999) and $891 million to federal prisons (2002), according to the most recent available figure from the Bureau of Justice Statistics.
http://tinyurl.com/ahjkg=20

17. "Illegal Aliens and American Medicine". "Many illegal aliens harbor fatal diseases that American Medicine fought and vanquished long ago, such as drug-resistant tuberculosis, malaria, leprosy, plague, polio, dengue and Chagas disease." The Journal of American Physicians and Surgeons
http://www.jpands.org/jpands1001.htm

18. In 2002, HIV/AIDS was the third leading cause of death among
Hispanic men aged 35 to 44 and the fourth leading cause of death among Hispanic women in the same age group. Most Hispanic men were exposed to HIV through sexual contact with other men. Source (CDC):
http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/resources/factsheets/hispanic.htm

19. If enacted the Comprehensive Immigration Reform Act (CIRA, S. 2611) would be the most dramatic change in immigration law in 80 years, allowing an estimated 103 million persons to legally immigrate to the U.S. over the next 20 years -fully one-third of the current population of the United States.
http://www.heritage.org/Research/Immigration/wm1076.cfm

20. U.S. Sen. Jeff Sessions (R-AL) today unveiled an impact analysis that shows the Senate immigration bill -should it become law - would permit up to 217.1 million new legal immigrants into the United States over the next 20 years, a number equal to 66 percent of the total current population.
http://tinyurl.com/3cawk3

21. The number of illegal immigrants in the United States may be as high as 20 million people, more than double the official 9 million people estimated by the Census Bureau. 1/3/05
http://tinyurl.com/2rxtwm=20

22. Cases of Leprosy on The Rise In The U.S., The New York Times. "While there were some 900 recorded cases in the United States 40 years ago, today more than 7,000 people have leprosy.." Leprosy is an airbourne virus, it can also be spread by touching and coughing.
http://tinyurl.com/3bnukp=20

23. Organizations Protesting Immigration Reform, State by State.
Won't you join in?
http://www.oregonir.org/Immigration_Reform_Orgs.htm

24. America Welcomes Illegal's Contagious Disease.
http://www.rense.com/general64/ill.htm

25. Mexico is the 4th Richest Oil Nation in the World.
http://tinyurl.com/35qbap=20

Illegal Alien Fact Sheet - Updated: December 10, 2006
http://tinyurl.com/skyf4=20


Twelve Americans are murdered every day by illegal aliens which
translates to 4,380 Americans murdered annually by illegal aliens.
(Rep. Steve King, R-Iowa)

Thirteen Americans are killed by drunk illegal alien drivers for
another annual death toll of 4,745. That's 23,725 since Sept. 11,
2001. (Rep. Steve King, R-Iowa)

Eight American children are victims of sexual abuse by illegal
aliens every day a total of 2,920 annually. (Rep. Steve King, R-Iowa)

K-12 school expenditures for illegal aliens cost U.S. Taxpayers
$7.4 Billion a year. (US Rep.. Gary Miller)

Illegal aliens consume $3.7 Billion annually in Medicare and
Medicaid benefits since 40% of illegal aliens are on U.S. Welfare.
(Federation for American Immigration Reform)

$1.6 billion is spent annually in prison costs to house, feed and
clothe illegal aliens who fill 32% of our federal and state prisons.
(Fox News Channel O'Reilly Factor)

$10 billion dollars are sent back to Mexico annually by illegal
aliens (according to the Pew Hispanic Center), an amount which
now makes it Mexico's 2nd largest industry.

Leprosy, (Hansen's disease), was so rare in America that in 40
years only 900 people were afflicted. Suddenly, in the past three
years America has more than 7,000 cases of leprosy. Leprosy
now is endemic to northeastern states because illegal aliens and
other immigrants brought leprosy from India, Brazil, the
Caribbean, and Mexico.
(Thomson American Health Consultants; 2003)

Tuberculosis was virtually absent in Virginia until in 2002, when
it spiked a 17% increase, but Prince William County, just south
of Washington, D.C., had a much larger rise of 188%.
(American Medical Association (JAMA) June 2005)

Illegal aliens make up 32% of State & Federal Prison populations.
(FNC O'Reilly Factor)

There are an estimated 240,000 illegal alien sexual predators
currently in the USA. (Violent Crimes Institute - May 2006)

Over 1,000,000 sexual crimes are estimated to have been
committed in the USA over the past seven years by illegal aliens.
(Violent Crimes Institute - May 2006)

90% of all crime in Brooks County Texas is committed by illegal
aliens. (Brooks County Sheriff's Department April 2006)

In the Jan/Feb of 2006, of the 120,000 illegals caught in the
Laredo sector, 2,500 of them were from the Middle East!!!

A large, but unknown, number of al Qaeda terrorists and Chinese
nationals are infiltrating our country virtually anywhere they
choose from Brownsville to San Diego. One al Qaeda terrorist
was held for several weeks after being captured on our border
and is currently under FBI custody.

A large number of Islamic individuals have moved into homes in
Nuevo Laredo and are being taught Spanish to assimilate into
the local culture.
--unbelievable!

Texas Border Sheriffs have found uniform patches from an elite
group of Islamic suicide bombers. (Verified by Israeli intelligence)

The rate of non-Mexican aliens (or OTMs) and special interest
aliens (or SIAs aliens from so-called countries of interest )
apprehended on the northern and southern borders has increased
from 30,147 in 2003 to 44,614 in 2004.
- Congressman Tom Tancredo

By June 30, 2004, the number of SIAs had swelled 42.5% to
6,022 from "Countries of Interest" such as those the State
Department considers sponsors of terrorism (Cuba, Iran, Libya,
North Korea, Sudan, Syria) and others where militant Islam
simmers (Afghanistan, Egypt, Indonesia, Iraq, Jordan,
Kazakhstan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Somalia,
and Yemen).
--Department of Homeland Security

Numerous law enforcement officers have been beaten, stabbed
and shot by illegal aliens over the past few years.
o Officer Rodney Johnson, 40, Houston, Texas.
o Officer Brian Jackson, 28, Dallas, Texas.=20
o Deputy Brandon "Brandy" Winfield, 29, Marion County, Ohio.
o Detective Hugo Arango, 24, of the Doroville, Ga.
o Deputy Saul Gallegos, 35, Chelan County, Wash.
o Deputy Sheriff David March, 33, Los Angeles County,
o Officer Tony Zeppetella, 27, Oceanside, Calif,
o Officer Daniel Howard Golden, 27, Huntsville, Ala,
o And Dozens More...

 

 

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Is this the truth or what? 1973 vs. 2006
http://officespam.chattablogs.com/archives/042111.html

Scenario: Jack goes duck hunting before school, pulls into school parking lot with shotgun in gun rack.

1973 - Vice Principal comes over, takes a look at Jack's shotgun, goes to his car and gets his to show Jack.

2006 - School goes into lock down, FBI called, Jack hauled off to jail and never sees his truck or gun again. Counselors called in for traumatized students and teachers.

Scenario: Johnny and Mark get into a fist fight after school.

1973 - Crowd gathers. Mark wins. Johnny and Mark shake hands and end up best friends. Nobody goes to jail, nobody arrested, nobody expelled.

2006 - Police called, SWAT team arrives, arrests Johnny and Mark. Charge them with assault, both expelled even though Johnny started it.

++++++++++++ +++++++++ +++++++++ +

Scenario: Jeffrey won't be still in class, disrupts other students.

1973 - Jeffrey sent to office and given a good paddling by Principal. Sits still in class.

2006 - Jeffrey given huge doses of Ritalin. Becomes a zombie. School gets extra money from state because Jeffrey has a disability.

++++++++++++ +++++++++ +++++

Scenario: Billy breaks a window in his neighbor's car and his Dad gives him a whipping.

1973- Billy is more careful next time, grows up normal, goes to college, and becomes a successful businessman.

2006- Billy's Dad is arrested for child abuse. Billy removed to foster care and joins a gang. Billy's sister is told by state psychologist that she remembers being abused herself and their Dad goes to prison. Billy's mom has affair with the psychologist.

++++++++++++ +++++++++ ++++++++

Scenario: Mark gets a headache and takes some aspirin to school.

1973- Mark shares aspirin with Principal out on the smoking dock.

2006- Police called, Mark expelled from school for drug violations. Car searched for drugs and weapons.

++++++++++++ +++++++++ +++++

Scenario: Pedro fails high school English.

1973: Pedro goes to summer school, passes English, goes to college.

2006 : Pedro's cause is taken up by state. Newspaper articles appear nationally explaining that teaching English as a requirement for graduation is racist. ACLU files class action lawsuit against state school system and Pedro's English teacher. English banned from core curriculum. Pedro given diploma anyway but ends up mowing lawns for a living because he can't speak English.

++++++++++++ +++++++++

Scenario: Johnny takes apart leftover firecrackers from the 4th of July, puts them in a model airplane paint bottle, blows up a red ant bed.

1973- Ants die.

2006 - BATF, Homeland Security, FBI called. Johnny charged with domestic terrorism, FBI investigates parents, siblings removed from home, computers confiscated, Johnny's Dad goes on a terror watch list and is never allowed to fly again.

++++++++++++ +++++++++

Scenario: Johnny falls while running during recess and scrapes his knee. He is found crying by his teacher, Mary. Mary, hugs him to comfort him.

1973 - In a short time Johnny feels better and goes on playing.

2006- Mary is accused of being a sexual predator and loses her job. She faces 3 years in State Prison. Johnny undergoes 5 years of therapy.

I wonder how we got into this situation...............not good for the future.

 

 
 

A Slave is she who cannot speak her thoughts.
-Euripides (only Euripides said it only about male sex)

Call your Congressman about the HATE CRIME BILL (HR 1592), if you do not want to be a slave.

US Capitol Switchboard Toll-free Numbers

1-800-833-6354
1-866-340-9281
1-866-220-0044
1-800-862-5530

============================

Finally the US Is Portrayed Internationally In A Positive Way!
Cathy Garger
30 March 2007

In an article titled “Campaigner warns against uranium mining” on the Australian ABC news site we get to see the United States - for once - represented in a positive way! Way to go, Kevin Kamps and all the rest of the awesome, hard-working folks at NIRS (Nuclear Information and Resource Service www.nirs.org )! Let it never again be said that nothing worthwhile ever happens within the shadow of the internationally infamous “District of Crime”.

Uranium mining has been a deadly-yet-lucrative industry that has benefited both US corporations and government. In all certainty, if it were not for US Uranium mining? The nuclear power industry and the use of Uranium weapons, considered illegal under international law, would be far less financially “attractive” than is currently the case.

In the Australian ABC news article regarding Uranium, Kamps, representative for NIRS, states: "It's having some of the greatest public health and environmental impacts because of the carelessness with which it's disposed of.” He also goes on to mention that “it's just dumped on the surface and it blows with the wind and it flows with the water and that is unfortunately the state of practice with uranium mining." Kamps is further credited with adding that the traditional inhabitants are often targeted in the search for storage sites for nuclear waste.

Even the EPA admits that it doesn’t have a clue just how much radioactive garbage has been dumped inside the United States! “There is no exact total of these wastes.” On their website they go on to say, “However we do have estimates based on U.S. Geological Survey data. The U.S. G.S. estimated for EPA that the total amount of waste rock generated by the approximately 4,000 open pit and underground mines in their data files to be about three billion metric tons… Given the larger number of mine locations identified by EPA, the amount of waste rock is likely to be higher.

Three billion metric tons of radioactive waste, you say? I know just the place, as a matter of fact, where they can dump it, too. No, scratch that. There are 7 million other people living here around Washington, DC who have certainly done nothing to merit the radiological fallout of such a red-hot, scorching, “Capital” punishment treatment.

Also according to the EPA, there are approximately 15,000 Uranium mines inside the United States. Good Lord – 15,000 mines! On average, that averages out to roughly 300 mining sites per each state, if all states did an equal share of Uranium mining (which, of course, they do not). That sure adds up to a whole lot of mighty sick, radioactively-poisoned Americans, wildlife, cattle (consider that fast-food burger lunch), and permanently contaminated soil, water, and vegetation!

Years back, do you remember reading about the high rates of cancers and diabetes in indigenous populations living in the US Southwest? Do you recall how the articles usually discussed the poor "lifestyle choices" of these modern-day Native Americans? We were told that indigenous peoples on these reservations were thusly diseased due to factors such as sedentary lifestyle, increased alcohol consumption, and a more processed “Americanized” diet.

Once again, many of us have since come to realize that the controlled US media was merely performing its customary function of manufacturing propaganda spin and lies. As I recall, the mainstream news articles that discussed the marked increase in diseased indigenous Americans did not typically mention the “dirty” business of Uranium mining and military munitions dropping, live-fire “testing”, exploding, and burning around native tribal lands.

Poor "lifestyle choices", in all likelihood, never was the actual primary factor responsible for causing the disastrous health statistics seen in the past 60 years in our original American populations. More to the point, their native lands have been permanently contaminated by mining and so-called military "testing" of these Uranium weapons – quite literally right in their very backyards!

We have indeed "wasted" unfathomable numbers of Native Americans’ lives in states such as NM, CO, WY, NV, UT and AZ. This is undoubtedly a pill, in years to come, that Americans eventually must learn to swallow. One could even say this knowledge comes with a bitter, heavy-metal aftertaste – that lasts, quite literally, forever.

The first settlers who came to America historically tried to tame our Native inhabitants, who they apparently considered the “savage beast”. The United States government has been since accused of abusing who they used to call “the Bad Man” in “a system of heinous abuse and genocide perpetrated upon Native Americans by the United States which lasted until the late twentieth century.” (See: http://www.turtleisland.org/discussion/viewtopic.php?t=988)

With this issue of Uranium mining and widespread military “testing” in ancestral Native Americans’ lands, however, it could indeed be argued that genocide by Uranium poisoning of our indigenous peoples continues to this very day.

Sadly, as anyone who studies radiation knows, what is deceitfully spun in the US media as “weakly” or “mildly radioactive” Uranium has the unmistakable effect of creating irreparable havoc and devastation upon human cells. Research has shown that inhalation and ingestion of microscopic Uranium particles cause cell mutation which affects genetic material. (See: http://www.llrc.org/du/subtopic/medact.htm) So, in effect, it is not merely the current generation of indigenous Americans whose health is destroyed, but rather, all future generations of offspring.

This is a horrible reality Americans of conscience (the non-psychopaths among us) have to face. While Americans have been busily working by day and enjoying mindless pop-culture distracting amusements by night, we actually have, in effect, slept through this entire life-destroying radiological and “nuclear age”. As a result, the genetic future health of America has been permanently, irrevocably altered.

Hopefully, Australia will not follow in America’s disgraceful footsteps and “waste” their own native inhabitants as our own government has done. May we all take up the task of both domestic and international Uranium radiation education - and help Australia and other nations learn from America’s mistakes - before it is too late!

http://mytown.ca/garger/

___

Campaigner warns against uranium mining

Thursday, 29 March 2007

An international anti-nuclear campaigner visiting Canberra this week has warned Australia about the impact of the waste produced by uranium mining.

The advice comes ahead of next month's national Labor Party conference, where the ALP will consider lifting its ban on new mines.

Kevin Kamps, from the United States-based Nuclear Information and Resource Service, says the waste produced by uranium mines in the US has had a great impact on the community.

"It's having some of the greatest public health and environmental impacts because of the carelessness with which it's disposed of," he said.

"So it's just dumped on the surface and it blows with the wind and it flows with the water and that is unfortunately the state of practice with uranium mining."

Mr Kamps also says the search for storage sites for nuclear waste often targets the living areas of traditional inhabitants.

Last year the Federal Government passed legislation that could mean a nuclear waste facility will go ahead at Muckaty Station in the Northern Territory, even though only some of the traditional owners agreed.

Mr Kamps says a similar situation occurred in the US state of Nevada.

"One of the parallels that is very apparent is that often times it's politically vulnerable locations and even Indigenous people's lands that are targeted for these waste dumps," he said.

"So that same environmental injustice seems to be at play here in Australia with the proposed Commonwealth dump in the Northern Territory, again on the land of traditional owners."

http://www.abc.net.au/message/news/stories/ms_news_1884879.htm

===========================

(ALL MUSLIMS could legitimately be categorized as potential terrorists, but the ones they want are Christians who believe in ENDTIME PROPHECY predictions, who use the Bible scriptures about homosexual behavior, etc.! "HATE CRIMINALS", "INTOLERANT", even though THEY, by calling US that, are really THOSE THINGS! --"Cheyenne Cin")

 

IDAHO STATE LEGISLATURE FIRST TO OPPOSE NORTH AMERICAN UNION

===================

 

Mercury in Energy-Saving Bulbs Worries Scientists

 

NEW YORK - There's an old joke about the number of people it takes to
change a light bulb. But because the newer energy-efficient kinds contain
tiny amounts of mercury, the hard part is getting rid of them when they burn
out.

Mercury is poisonous, but it's also a necessary part of most compact
fluorescent bulbs, the kind that environmentalists and some governments are
pushing as a way to cut energy use.

With an estimated 150 million CFLs sold in the United States in 2006 and
with Wal-Mart alone hoping to sell 100 million this year, some scientists
and environmentalists are worried that most are ending up in garbage dumps.

Mercury is probably best-known for its effects on the nervous system. The
Mad Hatter in the classic children's book "Alice in Wonderland" was based on
19th-century hat makers who were continually exposed to the toxin.
Mercury can also damage the kidneys and liver, and in sufficient quantities
can cause death.

U.S. regulators, manufacturers and environmentalists note that, because CFLs
require less electricity than traditional incandescent bulbs, they reduce
overall mercury in the atmosphere by cutting emissions from coal-fired power
plants.

But some of the mercury emitted from landfills is in the form of vaporous
methyl-mercury, which can get into the food chain more readily than
inorganic elemental mercury released directly from a broken bulb or even
coal-fired power plants, according to government scientist Steve Lindberg.

"Disposal of any mercury-contaminated material in landfills is absolutely
alarming to me," said Lindberg, emeritus fellow of the U.S. Department of
Energy's Oak Ridge National Laboratory.

The mercury content in the average CFL -- now about 5 milligrams -- would
fit on the tip of a ballpoint pen, according to the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, and manufacturers have committed to cap the amount in
most CFLs to 5 milligrams or 6 milligrams per bulb.

The majority of Philips Lighting's bulbs contain less than 3 milligrams, and
some have as little as 1.23 milligrams, said spokesman Steve Goldmacher.

To prevent mercury from getting into landfills, the EPA, CFL makers and
various organizations advocate recycling.

Besides commercial recyclers and some municipal waste collection services,
some retailers accept used CFLs.

IKEA, the Swedish home furnishings chain, has free drop-off programs at all
of its 234 stores, 29 of which are in the United States. Spokeswoman Mona
Astra Liss said response was slow at first, but has since picked up.

Now advocacy groups are calling on Wal-Mart Stores Inc. and other big chains
to get involved.

Andy Ruben, vice president for corporate sustainability at Wal-Mart, said
the company was working with the EPA's Office of Solid Waste and others to
find mercury and recycling solutions.

RECYCLING HURDLES

One problem with recycling is that it isn't cheap.

Larry Chalfan, executive director of the Zero Waste Alliance environmental
group, said the value of the metal, glass and mercury reclaimed from
recycling fails to offset the cost of the process. "Someone has to pay," he
said.

Costs can range from 20 cents to 50 cents per bulb -- not a paltry sum when
some CFLs sell for less than $2 at Wal-Mart.

But, compared with the overall lifecycle cost of buying and using a bulb,
recycling would be less than 1 percent, said Paul Abernathy, executive
director of the Association of Lighting & Mercury Recyclers, "a small price
to keep the mercury out of the environment."

Another obstacle lies in the fragility of the bulbs and their mercury
content.

"People who are going to accumulate these things from the public are going
to have to address the fact that breakage will happen," Abernathy said.
"There's the potential for contamination, and I think right now people are a
little hesitant to volunteer to take on this liability."

The U.S. government has no single recycling plan in mind, said Matt Hale,
director of the EPA's Office of Solid Waste.

Among the alternatives are special curbside collections by municipalities,
mail-back programs by manufacturers and drop-off programs at various places,
including retail stores that sell CFLs, he said.

Some methods lend themselves to certain geographic areas more than others,
Hale said, because of differences in population density, transportation
infrastructure and proximity to recycling sites.

State laws are also a factor.

Federal regulations mandate recycling of fluorescent lighting, while
exempting households and other small users. Some states, however, are
strict. For example, California no longer allows anyone to throw CFLs in the
trash, while Massachusetts requires manufacturers to implement recycling
programs and meet certain targets.

As technology advances, however, mercury could become less of an issue, at
least as far as light bulbs are concerned.

Last month General Electric Co. said it was working on doubling the energy
efficiency of incandescent lights and eventually developing versions
comparable with CFLs. These bulbs, which the company hopes to begin
marketing in 2010, will cost less than fluorescents but they won't last as
long.

Meanwhile, some environmentally minded consumers are embracing CFLs and
doing their best to dispose of them responsibly.

"I have CFLs throughout my house," said Lindberg, who lives in California.
"None of them have burned out yet. I can't tell you what I'll do with them
when they've burned out, but I won't throw them in the garbage."

http://www.sciam.com/article.cfm?alias=mercury-in-energy-saving&chanID=sa003&modsrc=reuters

================

============

B.C.

 

 

 

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Doonesbury

 

 

 

 

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Arthritis Diet Claims: Fact or Fiction - Arthritis and arthritic ...

Population studies show that people who have high-boron diets have a very low incidence of ... Researchers also think it may promote regrowth of cartilage. ... www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=46269  - 43k -

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Life Span Extension by Reduction in Growth Hormone-Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 Axis in a Transgenic Rat Model

====================

 

The Transition

Years of high insulin, adrenaline and cortisol levels due to poor nutrition ... You always have higher insulin than adrenaline/cortisol levels during this ... www.enotalone.com/article/4170.html  - 26k -     Insulin: The Hormone That Makes You Fat Insulin aggravates hypertension by increasing the responsiveness of arteries to the effects of adrenaline. • Insulin affects the body’s supply of ... www.positivehealth.com/permit/Articles/Nutrition/atkins40.htm - 38k   Causes of hypoglycemia Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas to regulate the blood glucose level. In contrast to adrenaline, insulin decreases the blood glucose level. ... endocrine-disorders.health-cares.net/hypoglycemia-causes.php - 18k - Concentration-dependent effects of adrenaline on the profile of ... The effects of the mixed alpha/beta-agonist adrenaline on insulin secretion from isolated human islets of Langerhans were studied. ... joe.endocrinology-journals.org/cgi/content/abstract/138/3/555   =================   MFW Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) - VIII. Supplements Boron has been advertised as a testosterone booster and some even claim that boron can ... www.trygve.com/supplement_faq.html - 81k - ===============   Then another article told how the human body begins to convert that progesterone into cortisol, needed to make adrenaline to deal with stress. ...

 

=============================

Stimulation with LH of progesterone production by rabbit corpora ...

Progesterone increased linearly with time during the first 30 min of incubation in the presence of BSA. LH and adrenaline markedly accelerated progesterone ... www.reproduction-online.org/cgi/content/abstract/79/2/431 -   Stimulation of progesterone secretion by cultured human granulosa ... Adrenaline and noradrenaline stimulated a dose-related increase in progesterone secretion with a maximum stimulation at 10(-5) M, a response that was ... www.reproduction-online.org/cgi/content/abstract/84/2/669 -   0702-Home Prolonged stress and poor dietary choices can deplete your levels of cortisol, adrenaline, serotonin, progesterone, and melatonin. ... www.drlenlopez.com/page/page/4231792.htm - 43k -   CWWFileFormat=2.0 PuzzleTitle=The Endocrine System, Part 2 ... 9 EPINEPHRINE |Cate cholamine that increases blood pressure and prepares body for stressful, physical activity--also known as adrenaline 13 PROGESTERONE ... www.puzzledirectory.com/Science/The%20Endocrine%20System,%20Part%202%20(Hard).cww - 8k [PDF] Short Communication Inhibitory Effects of Neurotransmitters and ... File Format: PDF/Adobe Acrobat -DOPA, noradrenaline, adrenaline, progesterone, 4-androstene-3,17-dione. (androstenedione), 5 -androstane-3 ,17 -diol (androstanediol), estrone, estra- ... dmd.aspetjournals.org/cgi/reprint/35/4/508.pdf - A Canary's-Eye View — Progesterone Information on the remaider of this page applies only to natural (and bio-identical) progesterone. Functions / Effects. Stimulates production of adrenaline. ... www.canarys-eye-view.org/metabolic_basis/hormones/progesterone.html - 14k -   Progesterone production by dispersed cells from human corpus ... L-Adrenaline and L-isoprenaline failed to elicit significant increases in the level of progesterone production. This article has been cited by other ... http://joe.endocrinology-journals.org/cgi/content/abstract/87/2/247 -  (PERHAPS IT TAKES THE NATURAL PROGESTERONE to BOOST THE ADRENALS to ADRENALINE PRODUCTION!-"Cheyenne Cin")    Changes in concentrations and rate of decline of adrenaline in the ... The presence of adrenaline within the central nervous system appears to be ... In ovariectomized oestrogen-primed rats an injection of progesterone on the ... joe.endocrinology-journals.org/cgi/content/abstract/104/1/129 -

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Life Span Extension by Reduction in Growth Hormone-Insulin-Like ...

Immunohistochemical examination for pituitary hormones was performed in formalin-fixed, ... The procedures for flow cytometry, natural killer (NK) activity, ...

 

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(American Journal of Pathology. 2002;160:2259-2265.)
© 2002 American Society for Investigative Pathology

Regular Articles

Life Span Extension by Reduction in Growth Hormone-Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 Axis in a Transgenic Rat Model

Isao Shimokawa^*, Yoshikazu Higami^*, Masanori Utsuyama, Tomoshi Tuchiya^*, Toshimitsu Komatsu^*, Takuya Chiba^* and Haruyoshi Yamaza^*

From the Department of Respiratory and Digestive Medicine,^*Division of Experimental Medicine, Pathology, and Gerontology, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, Nagasaki City; and the Department of Pathology and Immunology, Aging and Developmental Sciences,Tokyo Medical and Dental University Graduate School, Tokyo, Japan

	Abstract

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The longer life span in dwarf mice suggests that a reduction in the growth hormone (GH)-insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 axis retards aging and extends the life span in mammals. We tested this hypothesis in a transgenic strain of rats whose GH gene was suppressed by an anti-sense GH transgene. Male rats homozygous for the transgene (tg/tg) had a reduced number of pituitary GH cells, a lower plasma concentration of IGF-1, and a dwarf phenotype. Heterozygous rats (tg/-) had an intermediate phenotype in plasma IGF-1, food intake, and body weight between tg/tg and control (-/-) rats. The life span of tg/tg rats was 5 to 10% shorter than -/- rats. In contrast, the life span of tg/- rats was 7 to 10% longer than -/- rats. Pathological analysis suggested that neoplasms caused earlier death in tg/tg rats; in contrast, tg/- rats had reduced nonneoplastic diseases and a prolonged life span. Immunological analysis revealed a smaller population and lower activity of splenic natural killer cells in tg/tg rats. The results of the present study support the hypothesis, but suggest that there is an optimal level of the GH-IGF-1 axis to maximize survival in mammals.

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Longevity-associated genes have been isolated in lower organisms such as yeasts, flies, and nematodes.¹ In mammals, Prop-1 was the first gene reported to be associated with a longer life span.² Ames dwarf mice, in which a homozygous mutation of the Prop-1 gene leads to near absence of growth hormone (GH)-, prolactin-, and thyroid-stimulating hormone-producing cells in the pituitary gland, live much longer than their normal counterparts. The phenotypically similar Snell dwarf mice with a mutation of the pit-1 gene also has a longer life span.³ These reports do not exclude a potential life span-extending effect of prolactin or thyroid-stimulating hormone or their combination. Inhibition of GH-dependent pathways, however, is thought to have a principal role in life span extension, because several premature aging phenomena are observed in GH-overexpressing mice.⁴

Using a transgenic strain of rats in which GH synthesis and release were reduced by overexpression of the anti-sense GH transgene, we conducted a longevity study to elucidate whether isolated suppression of GH and the downstream pathways retard the aging process and extend the life span. During the study, it was reported that GH receptor/binding protein (GHR/BP) gene-disrupted mice and "little" mice with a mutation of the GH-releasing hormone receptor gene also have a longer life span,^3,5 providing additional evidence of a substantial role for the GH-IGF-1 axis in life span.

The present study provided data of life span, pathology, and immunological parameters of GH-insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1-suppressed transgenic rats.

	Materials and Methods

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Rats and Husbandry

The transgenic male rats (mini, Jcl:Wistar-TgN(ARGHGEN)1Nts) used in the present study were kindly provided by Nippon Institute for Biological Science (Oume City, Tokyo, Japan), where the closed colony of homozygous mini rats was established and maintained. The mini rats were produced from founders created by introducing a fusion gene into rat embryos.⁶ The genetic background was Jcl:Wistar (Japan Clea, Inc., Tokyo, Japan). The transgene consisted of four copies of thyroid hormone response elements, rat GH promoter, and anti-sense cDNA sequences for rat GH. Transgenic offspring expressed the rat GH anti-sense transgene in the pituitary gland, exhibited dwarfism as early as 3 weeks of age, and a reduced growth rate thereafter. Reproductive function was, however, almost normal in both male and female mini rats, although the fecundity in female mini rats was slightly lower than in control Wistar female rats. F1 hybrid rats (Jcl:Wistar-TgN(ARGHGEN)1Nts x Jcl:Wistar) were also generated at our laboratory animal center to moderate the reduced plasma concentrations of GH and IGF-1. Female Wistar rats (Jcl:Wistar, Japan Clea, Inc.) were mated with male mini rats. Control male rats (Jcl:Wistar) were purchased from Japan Clea, Inc. All male rats used in the present study were born between February 17 and February 27, 1998. In the present study, the three groups of rats were referred to as tg/tg, tg/-, and -/- rats.

At 4 weeks of age, weanling male rats of the three groups were transferred to a barrier facility (temperature, 24°C ± 1°C; 12-hour light/dark cycle), housed separately and maintained under specific pathogen-free conditions during the present experiment. Rats were provided with CR-LPF diet (Oriental Yeast Co. Ltd., Tsukuba, Japan), which is based on the formula of Charles River Inc. (CRF-1), but the fraction of protein is reduced by 18% for the long-term study. The composition of the diet is as follows (per 100 g); 18.2 g protein, 4.8 g fat, 6.6 g mineral mixture, 5.0 g fiber, 57.9 g nitrogen-free water-soluble substance, 7.5 g water. The caloric value of the diet is 348 kcal/100 g. All rats were fed the diet and water ad libitum.

There were two sets of rats: a longevity group and a cross-sectional group. Rats in the longevity group (n = 30) were maintained until spontaneous death. Rats in the cross-sectional group (n = 12 to 16) were killed at 6-, 15-, and 24-months of age to collect tissues and measure biomarkers (n = 5 to 10 for each rat group at each age).

The amount of diet consumed by each rat group was measured at 1-week intervals until 12 weeks of age, at 2-week intervals until 24 weeks of age, and thereafter at 4-week intervals. Ten rats in each group were selected for regular measurement. Body weight of each rat was measured at 2-week intervals until 24 weeks of age, and thereafter at 4-week intervals.

The specific pathogen-free (SPF) status of the rat colony was monitored on receipt of the rats and every 6 months thereafter by serological examination for microorganisms in sera from sentinel rats. Antibodies of Sendai virus, sialodacryoadenitis virus, Mycoplasma pulmonis, Clostridium piliforme, hantavirus, H-1 virus, Kilham rat virus, minute mouse virus, mouse encephalomyelitis virus, mouse adenovirus, pneumonia mouse virus, reovirus type 3, and CAR bacillus were negative as determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay or indirect immunofluorescence methods during the present experiment.

The experimental protocol was approved by the Ethics Review Committee for Animal Experimentation at our institution.

Reverse Transcriptase-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR)

Total RNA was prepared from pituitary, spleen, thymus, lung, liver, heart, kidney, and testis tissues in rats at 6 months by the guanidinium thiocyanate/acid-phenol-chloroform method using the Isogen kit (Nippon Gene Inc., Toyama, Japan). According to the protocol provided by the manufacturer, the RT reaction was performed using GeneAmp RNA PCR Kit (Perkin Elmer, Norwalk, CT). Primers specific for the transgene were made according to the original article;⁶ forward: 5'-AGAATCCAGATGCTCAAGGCCC-3', reverse: 5'-AGCCATCGCCACTCAGTGATCT-3'. The amplified products were 319 bp, and included the sequence between a part of the anti-sense rat GH cDNA and the upstream region of the human ß-globin poly-(A) site. PCR was performed under the following conditions: 2 minutes at 94°C for the initial denaturation, then 30 seconds at 94°C, 30 seconds at 60°C, 1 minute at 72°C for 20 to 30 cycles, followed by a 7-minute extension at 72°C. The PCR products were electrophoresed on a 3% Nusieve 3:1 agarose (BioWhittaker Molecular Applications Inc., Vallensbaek Strand, Denmark) gel and stained with SYBR’ Gold Nucleic Acid Gel Stain (Molecular Probes Inc., Eugene, Oregon). After destaining, SYBR’ Gold luminescence was acquired using FLA-3000 (Fuji Film Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan).

Immunohistochemistry

Immunohistochemical examination for pituitary hormones was performed in formalin-fixed, paraffin sections of pituitary glands removed from rats at 6 months of age as previously described.⁷ The primary antibodies used were: antibody to rat GH (Shikibo, Inc., Kurashiki, Japan), antibody to prolactin (Biogenesis, Ltd., Poole, UK), antibody to thyroid-stimulating hormone (Biogenesis, Ltd.), antibody to adrenocorticotropic hormone (Ylem SRL, Avenzazano, Italy), antibody to luteinizing hormone (DAKO Corp., Carpinteria, CA), antibody to follicle-stimulating hormone (DAKO Corp., Carpinteria, CA). The avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex (ABC) method was used to visualize the pituitary hormones. Biotinylated secondary antibodies and the ABC kit were purchased from Vector Laboratories, Inc. (Burlingame, CA). The substrate for peroxidase was 3,3'-diaminobenzidine-tetrahydrochloride with 0.001% H₂O₂, which yielded brown reaction products. Negative control was achieved by replacing the primary antibodies with nonimmunized mouse or rabbit serum samples.

Plasma Concentrations of GH and IGF-1

Plasma samples were prepared from trunk blood after decapitation and stored at -30°C until performing enzyme-immunoassay or radioimmunoassay. The concentration of GH was measured using enzyme-immunoassay kits (Amersham Pharmacia Biotech, Little Chalfont, UK). The concentration of IGF-1 was measured using radioimmunoassay kits (Nichols Institute Diagnostics, San Juan Capistrano, CA). The samples for IGF-1-radioimmunoassay were acidified and extracted, according to the instructions provided by the manufacturer. The intra-assay and interassay coefficients of variation for enzyme-immunoassay and radioimmunoassay were less than 10%, respectively.

Pathological Examination

All rats were inspected at least once daily. Dead rats were removed from the cage and either autopsied immediately or refrigerated for a brief period. Autolysis was almost never severe enough to prevent histopathological examination. The following organs or tissues were excised, fixed in 10% formalin, and routinely processed for histopathological examination: brain, pituitary gland, heart, lung, trachea, aorta, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, liver, pancreas, spleen, kidney, urinary bladder, prostate, testis, epididymis, thyroid gland, adrenal gland, femoral muscle, femoral bone, sternum, skin, and eye. Probable cause of death was determined after autopsy. Anterior pituitary adenoma and chronic nephropathy, potentially lethal diseases, are prevalent in aging rats.^8-10 Therefore, the prevalence of these diseases was also examined. The severity of chronic nephropathy was scored using the method of Maeda and colleagues⁸ with some modifications (Table 3) .

View this table: [in this window] [in a new window]   Table 3. Probable Causes of Death

 
Immunological Parameters

The procedures for flow cytometry, natural killer (NK) activity, and determination of the mitogenic response to stimulators was previously described.^9,10 Briefly, cell suspensions prepared from spleen and thymus were first treated with 0.83% NH₄Cl to remove red blood cells and washed with RPMI 1640 containing 2% fetal bovine serum. The cell suspension was stained with monoclonal antibodies, and then assessed using a FACScan (Becton Dickinson, Mountain View, CA). The lymphocyte fraction was gated using forward and side scatter signals to exclude myeloid cells. The percentage of lymphocyte subsets was analyzed using CELLQuest software (Becton Dickinson, Mountain View, CA). Monoclonal antibodies used were anti-CD3 (clone G4.18), anti-CD45R (clone HIS24), anti-NKR-P1A (clone 10/78), anti-CD4 (clone OX-38), and anti-CD8 (clone OX-8). All antibodies were purchased from PharMingen (San Diego, CA). The anti-CD3 and anti-CD8 antibodies were labeled with fluorescein isothiocyanate; the other antibodies were labeled with phycoerythrin. Splenic lymphocyte subsets were defined by subsequent two-color staining: T cells (CD3+/CD45R-), B cells (CD3-/CD45R+), and NK cells (CD3-/NKR+). Thymocyte subpopulations were evaluated by combining CD4 and CD8 staining.

To assess the NK cell activity in splenic cells, a fixed number of ⁵¹Cr-labeled YAC-1 target cells (4 x 10⁴) was mixed with either 0.5, 1, 2, or 4 x 10⁶ spleen cells in a total volume of 0.2 ml in a microplate with round-bottomed wells. The plate was incubated for 5 hours, centrifuged, and the radioactivity of the supernatant was counted by a -counter (ARC-380; Aloka Co. Ltd., Tokyo, Japan).

Mitogenic responses of splenic cells were also evaluated. Assays were performed in 96-well flat-bottom microplates (Falcon no. 3072; Becton Dickinson Labware, Franklin Lake, NJ). Spleen cells (5 x 10⁵) in 0.2 ml of RPMI 1640 medium, supplemented with 5% fetal bovine serum, were stimulated with an optimum dose of phytohemagglutinin, concanavalin A (ConA), and anti-CD3 mAb (145-2C11; hereafter referred to as anti-CD3; 1.0 µg/ml; PharMingen, San Diego, CA). The plates were incubated at 37°C in 5% CO₂ in air atmosphere. After appropriate intervals, 9.25 kBq of [³H]thymidine in 5 µl was added, and 2 hours later the cells were harvested and processed for ß-scintillation counting (MicroBeta 1450; Pharmacia Biotech, Turku, Finland).

Statistical Analysis

The plasma concentrations of GH and IGF-1 and the immunological parameters were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and Fisher’s protected least significant difference (PLSD) post hoc test for multiple comparisons. The survival curves were estimated using Kaplan-Meier’s estimates, and curves were compared using the log-rank test. The summarized frequency of causes of death (neoplastic and nonneoplastic), the prevalence of pituitary adenoma, and the prevalence of chronic nephropathy were analyzed using a chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test. All statistical analyses were performed using StatView 5.0 software (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC). A p value of 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.

	Results

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Expression of Anti-Sense GH Gene and Immunohistochemistry in the Pituitary Gland

The anti-sense GH-mRNA expression was detected by RT-PCR in the pituitary, spleen, and thymus in tg/tg and tg/- rats; there was no anti-sense GH-mRNA expression in those organs in control -/- rats (Figure 1) . The amount of amplified products was greater in tg/tg rats than in tg/- rats. There were no amplified products in samples from the lung, liver, heart, kidney, and testis in tg/tg and tg/- rats (data not shown).

View larger version (28K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Figure 1. Transgene expression detected by RT-PCR in the pituitary gland, spleen, and thymus at 6 months of age.

 
Immunohistochemistry revealed that there were fewer GH-positive cells in the pituitary gland in tg/tg rats than in tg/- and -/- rats (Figure 2) . There were also fewer GH cells in tg/- than in -/- rats. The other pituitary hormones were expressed similarly in the three rat groups (data not shown).

View larger version (49K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Figure 2. Immunohistochemistry for GH in the pituitary gland at 6 months of age: a, tg/tg; b, tg/-; c, -/-. Scale bar, 100 µm (c).

 
Plasma Concentrations of GH and IGF-1

The plasma concentration of GH did not statistically differ among the three rat groups (Table 1) . The plasma concentrations of IGF-1 were decreased by 74% in tg/tg rats and by 39% in tg/- rats, as compared with that in -/- rats.

View this table: [in this window] [in a new window]   Table 1. Plasma Concentrations of GH and IGF-1 in Rats at 6 Months of Age

 
Food Intake and Body Weight

The food intake in -/- rats did not change appreciably with increasing age after 12 weeks, although it was slightly reduced after 108 weeks (Figure 3) . The food intake pattern with aging in tg/tg and tg/- rats was similar to that in -/- rats. The tg/tg rats and tg/- rats consumed 50% and 70 to 80% of the mean intake of -/- rats, respectively.

View larger version (21K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Figure 3. Food intake (g/rat/day) in rat groups in the longevity study. The points represent the mean ± SD (n = 10). Data of 12-week intervals are shown, and are not depicted when the number of rats was below five.

 
The -/- rats gained weight until 96 weeks of age, then, gradually lost weight (Figure 4) . The body weight pattern throughout the life span was similar in tg/tg and tg/- rats. The weight in tg/tg rats was 41 to 45% of that in -/- rats for most of the experimental period. The weight in tg/- rats was 66% of that in -/- rats at 24 weeks of age, and gradually increased until reaching 76% of the weight in -/- rats at 96 weeks of age.

View larger version (21K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Figure 4. Body weight in rat groups of the longevity study. The points represent the mean ± SD; n = 30 for each group at the start of the study decreased with age. Data are not depicted when the number of rats was below five.

 
Food intake, if normalized by body weight, was decreased precipitously between 6 and 24 weeks; thereafter, it decreased only slightly (Figure 5) . At 6 weeks of age, the food intake/100 g body weight (FI/100gBW) was less in tg/tg and tg/- rats than -/- rats. There was no difference between tg/tg and tg/- rats. Between 24 and 120 weeks, however, FI/100gBW was 17.5% and 8.7% greater in tg/tg rats and tg/- rats, as compared to -/- rats.

View larger version (16K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Figure 5. Food intake/100 g body weight (FI/100gBW) in rat groups of the longevity study. The points represent the mean ± SD (n = 10). Data of 12-week intervals are shown, and are not depicted when the number of rats was below five.

 
Longevity Data

The survival curve of tg/tg rats differed significantly from that of control -/- rats (P < 0.01, Figure 6 ). The life span decreased by 7 weeks (5%, 50th percentile) and 14 weeks (10%, 25th percentile) in tg/tg rats, as compared with that in -/- rats (Table 2) . The survival curve of tg/- rats also differed from that of -/- rats (P = 0.0323). The life span was greater by 12 weeks (7%, 50th percentile) and 14 weeks (10%, 25th percentile) in tg/- rats, as compared with that in -/- rats. The maximum life span was the following: 149 weeks tg/tg, 171 weeks tg/-, and 158 weeks -/-, ie, 6% less in tg/tg rats and 8% greater in tg/- rats, as compared to -/- rats.

View larger version (18K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Figure 6. Group survival curves (n = 30 at the start of the study).

 

View this table: [in this window] [in a new window]   Table 2. Summary of Life Span Data

 
Pathological Parameters

Probable causes of death differed among the three rat groups, when data were summarized into two categories, neoplastic and nonneoplastic causes. The tg/tg rats died mostly of neoplasms, particularly leukemia, which was never observed in -/- rats (Table 3) . The tg/- rats died of neoplasms; the proportion of nonneoplastic causes was also increased as compared to tg/tg rats. In -/- rats, the proportion of nonneoplastic causes of death was further increased as compared to tg/- rats, although this difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.0631).

The prevalence of pituitary adenoma was significantly decreased in tg/tg rats; there was no difference between tg/- and -/- rats (Table 4) . There was no kidney lesions in tg/tg rats. The prevalence of chronic nephropathy was significantly decreased in tg/- rats than in -/- rats.

View this table: [in this window] [in a new window]   Table 4. Prevalence of Anterior Pituitary Adenoma and Chronic Nephropathy in Rats that Died Spontaneously

 
Immunological Parameters

Spleen weights were lower in the following order; tg/tg, tg/-, -/- rats [401 ± 28 in tg/tg, 632 ± 42 in tg/-, and 913 ± 172 in -/- rats; mean ± SD (mg) of five to six rats]. Thymus weights were lower in tg/tg rats; there was no statistical difference between tg/- and -/- rats [92 ± 17 in tg/tg, 162 ± 46 in tg/-, and 194 ± 41 in -/-; mean ± SD (mg) of five to six rats]. When normalized by body weight, spleen and thymus weights did not differ significantly among the three groups (data not shown).

The proportions of T cells (CD3+/CD45R-) and B cells (CD3-/CD45R+), and thereby the T/B cell ratio in the spleen did not differ significantly among groups (Table 5) . The proportion of NK cells (NKR+/CD3-) was smaller in tg/tg rats, as compared to -/- rats; There was no difference between tg/- and -/- rats.

View this table: [in this window] [in a new window]   Table 5. Immunological Parameters in Rats at 6 Months of Age

 
The mitogenic response of splenic T cells, examined by the response to phytohemagglutinin, Con A, and anti-CD3 antibodies, did not differ significantly among groups (data not shown). NK activity was significantly lower in tg/tg rats than in tg/- and -/- rats; NK activity in tg/- rats did not differ from that in -/- rats (Table 5) . The proportion of thymocyte subsets did not differ significantly among groups (data not shown).

	Discussion

Top Abstract Materials and Methods Results Discussion References

 
This transgenic model is suitable for evaluating the relation between the GH-IGF-1 axis and longevity in animals, because of the strategically direct method of inducing an isolated suppression of the GH-IGF-1 axis. Although we did not evaluate the pulsatile profile of GH secretion and therefore did not demonstrate direct evidence of reduced GH secretion, immunohistochemical stains for pituitary hormones, the plasma concentration of IGF-1, and the dwarf phenotype indicated a reduction in the GH-IGF-1 axis. Another important aspect of the present study was the generation of rats heterozygous for the transgene. The tg/- rats exhibited an intermediate phenotype in food intake, body weight, and plasma IGF-1. The present study evaluated the effects of a reduced GH-IGF-1 axis on life span, pathology, and immunological parameters at severe and moderate levels of suppression.

The present study demonstrated that suppression of GH-IGF-1 axis extended the life span in rats. This finding, however, differed from those previously reported in specific strains of mice in the following two points. First, a severe reduction in the GH-IGF-1 shortened the life span in rats. Second, life span was extended by only 10%, which is considerably less than that in the mice models.

In the dwarf mice models,^2,3 the hormonal effects of GH and IGF-1 in tissues are markedly reduced. Prop-1 or Pit-1 gene mutation leads to near absence of GH. GHR/BP-disruption induces very low concentrations of plasma IGF-1.⁵ In this model, plasma GH concentrations are increased because of negative feedback mechanisms; however, the GH signaling pathway is completely disrupted. Nonetheless, the life span is extended in all dwarf mice models. The present pathological analysis suggests that neoplasms, particularly leukemia, caused earlier death in tg/tg rats. During the course of establishment of the closed colony of the transgenic rats, specific alleles for leukemia might be selected. Other types of neoplasms, however, also caused earlier death in tg/tg rats, suggesting that a severely reduced GH-IGF-1 axis promotes tumorigenesis. Although many aspects of tumorigenesis should be investigated, the present analysis of the immune system provides possible causes for the promotion of tumorigenesis. The NK cell activity and population decreased in tg/tg rats. GH and IGF-1 are required for normal development of the immune system,¹¹ which intrinsically prevents tumorigenesis in animals.¹² Therefore, the severely reduced GH-IGF-1 axis might promote tumorigenesis by reducing immune function, particularly NK cell activity. In this regard, however, Snell mice, in which the GH-IGF-1 axis is more severely depressed than in tg/tg rats, achieve normal immune responsiveness, although they lag behind their heterozygous littermates for development of immunocompetence.¹³ Age-dependent declines in T-lymphocyte subsets and functions are also blunted in Snell mice.³ We should investigate a possible difference in the development of the immune system in response to GH and IGF-1 between the present rat model and dwarf mice, thus, implicating involvement of the immune system in tumorigenesis in the rodent models.

Although tg/- rats have a longer life expectancy, it is not known whether the aging process is retarded by moderate suppression of GH-IGF-1 axis in rats. The life-prolonging effect in rats observed in the present study was 10%, whereas it is 33% in female Ames, 40% in male Ames,² and 42% in Snell mice.³ Caloric restriction, a well-known intervention that retards aging processes and delays or prevents disease processes, increases median life span by 28.2% in male F344 rats.¹⁴ Replacement of casein with soy protein as a protein source in the diet extended the median life span by 15.6%, even though caloric intake was not restricted.¹¹ Pathological examination of these rats revealed that this life span extension could be mostly because of the prevention of chronic nephropathy, but not to retardation of the aging process per se.¹¹ In other words, life span extension is expected to some extent if an intervention retards or prevent a few potentially lethal diseases. The present pathological findings also suggest that nonneoplastic diseases, including cardiac thrombus and chronic nephropathy, could be prevented in tg/- rats, whereas there might be little effect on the onset and progression of pituitary adenoma. It is possible that the reduced incidence of lethal nonneoplastic diseases slightly extends life span and therefore pituitary adenoma increases in tg/- rats as a cause of death, although the onset and progression of pituitary tumor is not altered in tg/- rats, as compared with -/- rats. Another explanation is that the onset rate is similar, but the progression of pituitary adenoma is accelerated in tg/- as compared to -/- rats. Because of the limited number of rats examined, we could not analyze the effects of GH-IGF-1 axis on prevalence of nonneoplastic diseases such as cardiac thrombosis. The prevalence of chronic nephropathy, from which laboratory rats often suffer during long-term life-span study,⁸ however, was clearly reduced by suppression of the GH-IGF-1 axis. This finding is consistent with previous findings in that GH or IGF-1 promotes experimentally induced diabetic and nondiabetic nephropathy in rodents.^15,16

Bartke and colleagues¹⁷ suggested that resistance of dwarf mice to oxidative and glycative stresses contribute to extend life span. Further studies on biomarkers of aging are needed to evaluate the life-prolonging effect of moderate suppression of the GH-IGF-1 axis in rats; however the reduced GH-IGF-1 could extend the life span in rats, if not retard the physiological aging process.

An age-related decline in plasma concentrations of GH and IGF-1 induces several aging phenotypes such as reduced bone mass and increased fat tissues in aging animals Replacement therapy of these anabolic hormones restores these phenotypes, at least in part.¹⁸ Regarding longevity in animals, however, most studies of experimental models, including those in lower organisms, indicate that a reduction in the GH-IGF-1 axis or related signal pathways induce life span extension.^1,19 To our knowledge, only one study reports that long-term, low-dose administration of GH in mice in later life extends life expectancy.²⁰ On the other hand, overexpression of GH in mice promotes some of the aging processes and shortens life span.⁴ The findings of the present study suggest that there could be an optimal level of the GH-IGF-1 axis to maximize survival in organisms, ie, the axis is required for normal development of intrinsic physiological systems such as the immune system in an early stage of life, but not to the extent that the axis promotes disease and the aging process. Further studies on the influence of the GH-IGF-1 axis in aging phenotypes and longevity will provide insight to better understand the aging process in a variety of organisms.

	Acknowledgements

 
We thank Yutaka Araki and the staff in the laboratory animal center at Nagasaki University School of Medicine for their excellent technical support.

	Footnotes

 
Address reprint requests to Isao Shimokawa, M.D., Ph.D., Division of Experimental Medicine, Pathology, and Gerontology, Department of Respiratory and Digestive Medicine, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki City 852-8523, Japan. E-mail: shimo@....

Supported in part by the Research Grant for Longevity Sciences (grant 11-C) from the Ministry of Health, Welfare, and Labor of Japan.

Accepted for publication March 18, 2002.

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Top Abstract Materials and Methods Results Discussion References

 

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[PDF]

Life Span Extension by Reduction in Growth Hormone-Insulin-Like ...

File Format: PDF/Adobe Acrobat GH secretion, immunohistochemical stains for pituitary. hormones, the plasma concentration of IGF-1, and the. dwarf phenotype indicated a reduction in the ... http://ajp.amjpathol.org/cgi/reprint/160/6/2259.pdf - =================== Hormone Information : by Ray Sahelian, M.D. Hormone by Ray Sahelian, M.D. (natural medicine and health database) ... Of the pituitary hormones, several act on other glands located in various regions ...   http://www.raysahelian.com/hormone.html =================   Anti-aging hormones - human growth hormone, estrogen, progesterone ... The claims for hGH are similar those for DHEA--that it will reduce signs of ... If pregnancy occurs, progesterone inhibits ovulation (by suppressing FSH ... womens-health.health-cares.net/anti-aging-hormones.php - 24k -   ============ http://www.google.com/search?q=progesterone+reduces+fsh&btnG=Search&hl=en progesterone reduces fsh   CAT.INIST FSH reduced FSH receptor mRNA by 50-90%, increased P450scc mRNA 8 fold within 48 hr, and elevated progesterone logarithmically over 96 hr. ... cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=1875465 WOOMB After rupture of the follicle and release of the ovum, both progesterone and ... it becomes the major producer of oestradiol and this reduces FSH production ... www.woomb.org/bom/science/physiology.html - 18k -   [FLASH] A Safe and Effective Birth Control Option Menstrual Suppression ... File Format: Shockwave Flash Progesterone is more dominant than estrogen after ovulation. " Both estrogen and progesterone signal your brain to reduce the amounts of FSH and LH that are ... www.arhp.org/menstrualsuppressiontool/tool/flash/arhp-toolc.swf - Differing Effects of Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals on Basal and ... It had no effect on FSH-stimulated progesterone production (results not shown). ... effects on cell viability, as assessed by their ability to reduce MTT. ... www.ebmonline.org/cgi/content/full/226/6/570 Osteoporosis--a review. The combination of estrogen and progesterone reduces the risk of uterine ... Another way to monitor dose effect is by observation of the FSH levels. ... www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=2655904&dopt=Abstract - Similar pages lecture34 The big difference is that, while LH and FSH production in males is ... How can estrogen and progesterone reduce cancer risk in premenopasual women while ... www.uwyo.edu/bio1000skh/lecture34.htm - 16k -

Effects of Cigarette Smoking in Premenopausal Women

Because progesterone modulates FSH in the endocrine feedback loop, ... by which cigarette smoke may alter ovarian function and reduce female fertility. ... www.medscape.com/viewarticle/514240_4 -   [PPT] Happy Halloween File Format: Microsoft Powerpoint - View as HTML birth control pills usually have both estrogen (reduces FSH ) and progesterone (reduces LH). More hormones are present at peak of ovulation. Fare thee well ... www.psy.fsu.edu/undergrad.prog/glendenning/2sex.ppt   ================= Pituitary Hormone Implicated In Bone Loss After Menopause-FSH ScienceDaily: Pituitary Hormone Implicated In Bone Loss After Menopause Women's Health, Menopause, Leukemia, Stem Cells, Gynecology Pituitary Hormone...   http://au.groups.yahoo.com/group/FoodHerbHealth/message/4317     ========= see also-   Kalsis treats Osteoporosis-Lactobacillus,selenium helps calcium absorb KALSIS has been formulated with specially selected Lactobacillus rootstocks, which combined with selenium, increase and accelerate the deposit of calcium...... http://au.groups.yahoo.com/group/FoodHerbHealth/message/4318   ===================== Dioscorea yam roots or yam white tubers,order,grow,information-progesterone   http://au.groups.yahoo.com/group/FoodHerbHealth/message/4294     keep going through   http://au.groups.yahoo.com/group/FoodHerbHealth/message/4303, because not all topical messages are connected by 'replies' at bottom,   you can skip number 4301 and perhaps a few others. (Different subject)   ========== ALSO RELATED: osteosarcoma(a bone cancer)-Graviola,Fucoidan,GH7,etc.;more links-BI

 

http://au.groups.yahoo.com/group/FoodHerbHealth/message/4265  with lots of replies at bottom

 

Re: myeloma-malignant cancer-Marine Bacteria,Fucoidan from Seaweed,m

===============

 

Arthritis Joints-Glucosamine,DMSO or MSM,more-Digestion,etc.

 

 

==============

 

====Links to RAPTURE IMMINENT messages, don't try to join, 'joiner' doesn't work for me!--
http://groups.msn.com/RaptureImminent/general.msnw?action=get_threads&Dir=0&ID_Last=96
http://groups.msn.com/RaptureImminent/general.msnw?action=get_threads&Dir=0&ID_Last=255
http://groups.msn.com/RaptureImminent/messages.msnw

===============

 

 

More Church Bulletin Blunders!


    * Bertha Belch, a missionary from Africa will be speaking tonight
at Calvary Memorial Church in Racine. Come tonight and hear Bertha Belch
all the way from Africa.

    * Announcement in the church bulletin for a National PRAYER &
FASTING Conference: "The cost for attending the Fasting and Prayer
conference includes meals."

    * Our youth basketball team is back in action Wednesday at 8 pm in
the recreation hall. Come out and watch us kill Christ the King.

    * Miss Charlene Mason sang "I will not pass this way again" giving
obvious pleasure to the congregation.

    * "Ladies, don't forget the rummage sale. It's a chance to get rid
of those things not worth keeping around the house. Don't forget your
husbands."

    * Next Sunday is the family hay ride and bonfire at the Fowlers'.
Bring your own hot dogs and guns. Friends are welcome! Everyone come for
a fun time.

    * The peacemaking meeting scheduled for today has been cancelled
due to a conflict.

    * The sermon this morning: "Jesus Walks on the Water" The sermon
tonight: "Searching for Jesus"

    * Next Thursday there will be tryouts for the choir. They need all
the help they can get.

    * Barbara remains in the hospital and needs blood donors for more
transfusions. She is also having trouble sleeping and requests tapes of
Pastor Jack's sermons.

    * During the absence of our Pastor, we enjoyed the rare privilege
of hearing a good sermon when J.F. Stubbs supplied our pulpit.

    * The Rector will preach his farewell message after which the choir
will sing "Break Forth into Joy."

    * Remember in prayer the many who are sick of our community.

    * Smile at someone who is hard to love. Say "hell" to someone who
doesn't care much about you.

    * Don't let worry kill you off --let the Church help.

    * Irving Benson and Jessie Carter were married on October 24 in the
church. So ends a friendship that began in their school days.

    * A bean supper will be held on Tuesday evening in the church hall.
Music will follow.

    * At the evening service tonight, the sermon topic will be "What is
Hell?" Come early and listen to our choir practice.

    * Eight new choir robes are currently needed, due to the addition
of several new members and to the deterioration of some older ones.

    * The senior choir invites any member of the congregation who
enjoys sinning to join the choir.

    * Please join us as we show our support for Amy and Alan in
preparing for the girth of their first child.

    * Scouts are saving aluminum cans, bottles, and other items to be
recycled. Proceeds will be used to cripple children.

    * The Lutheran men's group will meet at 6 pm. Steak, mashed
potatoes, green beans, bread and dessert will be served for a nominal feel.

    * For those of you who have children and don't know it, we have a
nursery downstairs.

    * Please place your donation in the envelope along with the
deceased person(s) you want remembered.

    * Attend and you will hear an excellent speaker and heave a healthy
lunch.

    * The church will host an evening of fine dining, superb
entertainment, and gracious hostility.

    * Potluck supper Sunday at 5:00 pm.--prayer and medication to
follow.
==========================

You Might Be A Redneck If...


    * The Halloween pumpkin on your front porch has more teeth than
your spouse.

    * You let your twelve-year-old daughter smoke at the dinner table
in front of her kids.

    * You've been married three times and still have the same in-laws.

    * You think a woman who is "out of your league" bowls on a
different night.

    * Jack Daniels makes your list of "Most Admired People."

    * You wonder how service stations keep their restrooms so clean.

    * Anyone in your family ever died right after saying, "Hey, y'all
watch this!"

    * You've got more than one brother named 'Darryl.'

    * You think that Dom Perignon is a Mafia leader.

    * Your wife's hairdo was once ruined by a ceiling fan.

    * You go to your family reunion looking for a date.

    * Your Junior/Senior Prom had a Daycare.

    * You think the last words to The Star Spangled Banner are,
"Gentlemen, start your engines."

    * You lit a match in the bathroom and your house exploded right off
its wheels.

    * You had to remove a toothpick for your wedding pictures.

    * The bluebook value of your truck goes up and down, depending on
how much gas it has in it.

    * You have to go outside to get something out of the 'fridge.

    * One of your kids was born on a pool table.

    * Your dad walks you to school because you are both in the same
grade.

    * You need one more hole punched in your card to get a freebie at
the House of Tattoos.

    * You have flowers planted in a bathroom fixture in your front
yard.

    * Ya can't get married to yer sweetheart 'cause there's a law
against it.

    * You dated one of your parents' current spouses in high school.

    * You think loading the dishwasher means getting your wife drunk.

    * Your school fight song is "Dueling Banjos."

    * Your toilet paper has page numbers on it.

 

Iranian official: Sailors may be tried (AP)

Iraqi government backs relocation plan (AP)

General tried to warn Bush about Tillman (AP)

Bush chides Dems on pork in Iraq bill (AP)

=============

www.NewsWithViews.com
March 31, 2007
New Articles

Why Rapists & Robbers Love Australia's Gun-Control Laws
We’ve forced every gun owner in Melbourne to register every gun and rifle they own. We’ve planted our agents at gun shows. We’ve started suing the gun manufacturers. It’s those damn guns. If so many Aussies didn’t own guns, the crime rate would fall. I’ve been discussing this issue seriously with the Prime Minister, Captain. We have agreed that the only solution is gun confiscation. Confiscate every gun in Melbourne and the crime will stop. No guns, no crime, right Downey? That sounds like common sense, doesn’t it?”......
http://www.newswithviews.com/Turtel/joel39.htm
by Joel Turtel

A Handicapped Analysis of the Cost of NAIS
Since it is obvious that the proposed NAIS (National Animal Identification System) is going to be quite costly to producers, I have decided to do some research to try to figure out the probable costs to a smallish homestead. There are no actual figures available from the USDA, so it hampers things a bit. One of the more interesting things I have found is that nowhere in the world is such an elaborate system as the one proposed by the USDA actually in place. As a matter of fact, USDA Secretary of Agriculture, Mr. Johanns has spoken the full truth when he said in the Implementation Plan teleconference in April of 2006......
http://www.newswithviews.com/Hannes/doreen3.htm
by Doreen Hannes

Gnosticism, Contemplative Prayer and Other Christian Traditions
You say, "My church isn't into any of that New Age stuff." No, but you'll read about the New Age stuff in books purchased in your local or online Christian bookstores. You'll also see an abundance of false teaching on Christian blogs all over the Internet.......
by Marsha West

An Incorrect Attitude by the Brits
Sadly, Faye Turney, the female soldier talking on TV there, implied that the soldiers were indeed in the wrong waters……Oh Great! That really helps a ton! Of course, the satellite proof states differently but Faye, try and manipulate a release back to your 3 year old. I'm sure none of the other soldiers have loved ones and kids to worry about! However, her release ain't gonna happen now because the Brits won't apologize or admit that the troops were in Iranian water.......
http://www.newswithviews.com/Roth/laurie55.htm
by Laurie Roth

 

======================

We’ve forced every gun owner in Melbourne to register every gun and rifle they own. We’ve planted our agents at gun shows. We’ve started suing the gun manufacturers. It’s those damn guns. If so many Aussies didn’t own guns, the crime rate would fall.

 

 

By Joel Turtel

March 31, 2007

NewsWithViews.com

SCENE: Melbourne, Australia:

“Sir, what are we to do about all this crime?,” asked Captain John Downey, Melbourne’s Chief of Police, to the Australian Minister of Security, Percy Sumner.

Captain Downey, tall, forty years old, square shoulders, close-cropped hair, and brown eyes, was speaking to the Minister in his huge office overlooking Melbourne Harbor in Australia. Minister Sumner was fifty years old, a short, heavy-set man, with a red, round face, brown hair, round eyes, and a small mouth.

One wall of the office had a huge map of Melbourne, with yellow, red, and blue pins stuck on the locations of recent crimes. The yellow was for burglary, red for rape, blue for murder. Alongside this map was a chart showing crime rates for each of the three crime categories. The chart showed a definite pattern — crime rates had been increasing in Melbourne over the last five years.

Downey said, “I don’t know what to do anymore, sir. No matter how many police we put on the streets, no matter how much we increase prison sentences, the crime rates keep going up. I don’t understand it, sir. I don’t know how to stop it.”

Minister Sumner tightened his little mouth. He said, “It’s all those guns out there on the streets, Captain Downey, that’s the problem. We’ve forced every gun owner in Melbourne to register every gun and rifle they own. We’ve planted our agents at gun shows. We’ve started suing the gun manufacturers. It’s those damn guns. If so many Aussies didn’t own guns, the crime rate would fall. I’ve been discussing this issue seriously with the Prime Minister, Captain. We have agreed that the only solution is gun confiscation. Confiscate every gun in Melbourne and the crime will stop. No guns, no crime, right Downey? That sounds like common sense, doesn’t it?”

“Yes sir,” Captain Downey said eagerly, “that’s what I’ve been suggesting to you for the last year. Another reason we want to confiscate the guns is because when we make drug raids without warrants, sometimes our men get shot as intruders. Some home owners actually have the gall to try to defend their homes against our boys, who are just doing their duty. I don’t want any home owner with a gun in his house. We should also make it a crime for a home owner to use a gun to defend himself in his home against a burglar. If we let him have that right, you never know when he might use that same gun against one of our men who break down his door on a drug raid.”

“The same goes for the women. We can’t allow them to carry a gun, either in their home or on the streets. If they think a mugger is threatening them or might rape them, they should contact the police. We’ll be there within an hour. What if the woman owned a gun and didn’t know how to use it? You know how stupid women are with guns, Minister. We can’t trust them with a gun. And women are so careless, they’ll leave the gun lying around the house where children can find them. It’s worth confiscating everyone’s guns, just so one child doesn’t die from a gun accident.”

Minister Sumner nodded his round head vigorously in agreement. He said, “Good ideas, Downey, I’ll suggest them to the Prime Minister. I think we’ll be able to get the confiscation laws passed in about a month. Thank you for your time, sir. I’ll talk to you again in about four months. By that time, our wall charts should start showing a big decrease in crime. Good day, sir.”

“Good day, Minister. Thank you for your help in this matter. We’ll put a dent in the crime, wait and see.” With that, Captain Downey confidently walked out of the Minister’s office.

FOUR MONTHS LATER:

In the same office. Outside the window, the late afternoon sky was dark and cloudy, and the two men were having another heated conversation.

“Look at the charts, Captain Downey. By God, look at them!,” said Minister Sumner. “The graphs are going straight up, there going off the wall! What in blazes is going on? Our crime rate is triple what it was four months ago. Didn’t you confiscate all the guns in Melbourne, Captain? What the hell is going on?”

“Yes, sir, we did confiscate all the guns,” replied Captain Downey, pacing nervously in front of the Minister’s desk. “I just don’t understand it. We put out the confiscation order the day after we spoke at our last meeting. It was in all the newspapers. We think most law-abiding Melbourne citizens complied. Our local police stations report that over thirty thousand registered guns were handed in.”

“Thirty thousand, did you say?,” asked the Minister. “I thought our gun-registration rolls showed ninety thousand register guns in Melbourne. Why only thirty thousand handed in? What is going on? Didn’t you indicate on your confiscation orders and newspapers ads that anyone not handing in their guns would be subject to prosecution and five years in prison?”

“Yes we did, sir,” stammered Captain Downey. “But all of a sudden, every owner we contacted said they had lost their gun, so couldn’t hand it in. What are we going to do sir, get search warrants to search the homes of sixty thousand gun owners? If they’re hiding their guns, we probably won’t even find them.”

“Not only that, sir, as usual the criminals are not paying attention to our confiscation laws. They get their guns illegally, like they always have. We’ve caught a few house burglars and interrogated them, sir. They have been going on a rampage. They used to hit a few houses a week. Now they are hitting a dozen a week, sir. We were puzzled.

We asked them why? They just looked at our interrogators with contempt, like our men were idiots. What do you think they said, sir?”

“What?,” asked Minister Sumner?

“They thanked me, sir.”

“Thanked you, Captain? What the devil do you mean? Why did they thank you?”

“Because, sir, they thanked me for the new gun confiscation laws, and the laws forbidding home-owners from owning or using a gun for self-defense. They thanked me for making their job so much easier and safer. They said they now just knock on the mark’s door, pretend to be the gas man, barge into the house with their guns drawn, and loot the house. They said they’re not afraid of getting shot anymore by the home owner. Some of them had the effrontery to tell me to thank you personally, sir,” Captain Downey said with outrage.

“They did, did they?,” Minister Sumner said, getting red in the face. “We’ll see about that. I’m going to suggest to the Prime Minister some new gun-control laws. I want him to give us the power to make random searches without warrants in every house and apartment in Melbourne. I want him to increase the prison terms for gun possession to thirty years without chance of parole. I want him to forbid all gun clubs and guns shows — that’s probably where the burglars and murderers get their guns.

I’ll also ask him for the power to confiscate anyone’s car, home, or bank account who is caught with a gun. That will solve the problem, by God.”

“But sir,” Captain Downey protested meekly, “we’re already getting hundreds of complaints about the increasing, heavy-handed tactics of our gun squads. There’s been some nasty newspaper articles mentioning our Constitution, ‘rights of the people,’ and all that crap.”

“The hell with that,” Captain. “What do we care about so-called ‘rights?’ We have a crime spree. It’s an emergency. Our efforts must not be thwarted by silly notions about rights and Constitutions. Guns are killing people every day. That’s all that matters.”

Captain Downey said, “Yes, sir. I hope you’re right. I surely do. I am just a little afraid of civil unrest, sir, that’s all.”  

“To hell with civil unrest, Captain, said Minister Sumner. “That’s what our riot police and prisons are for. We know best how to solve this problem, and we won’t let a bunch of agitators stop us. I will ask the Prime Minister to put my new suggestions into place immediately. You’ll see quick results.”

“Yes, sir. I hope you’re right, sir. Please let me know when the new laws are in place, sir, so my men can start enforcing them.”  

“Very good, Captain. I will do so. I will then meet with you in another four months. Good day, Captain.”

“Good day, Minister.”

Of course, four months later, in that same office, the charts where now going ballistic. Crime rates were soaring. Australia had gained the international distinction of having the second highest crime rate in the world (after England, who also has strict gun control and confiscation laws).

© 2007 Joel Turtel - All Rights Reserved

====================

From: "NewsMax Health" newsmax@...

Subject: Who Gets Heart Failure?

 

Headlines (Scroll down for complete stories): 1. Who Gets Heart Failure? 2. Blood Pressure Predicts Stroke Risk 3. Omega-3 Affects Depression, Inflammation 4. Managing Your Moods Can Benefit Your Health 1. Who Gets Heart Failure? Diabetes and high blood pressure, two conditions rooted in genetics and environmental surroundings, play a much greater role than race alone in determining who is mostly likely to develop heart failure, according to the latest study from cardiologists at Johns Hopkins. Each year, nearly 300,000 Americans die from heart failure. Experts say that racial disparities have long been known to exist in who actually develops risk factors for the condition, with African-Americans nearly twice as likely to be diagnosed with diabetes and more than a third as likely to have high blood pressure than Caucasian Americans. But researchers have only now determined the precise role played by race in comparison to other risk factors, including socio-economic factors, age, gender, smoking, family history, and other health problems, as well as diabetes and hypertension. The Hopkins team will present its findings March 27 in New Orleans at the American College of Cardiology’s annual Scientific Sessions in New Orleans. In the study, researchers monitored nearly 7,000 men and women, ages 45 to 84, of different ethnic backgrounds and with no existing symptoms of heart disease. African Americans developed heart failure at significantly higher rates (4.6 cases per 1,000 per year) than all other races, including Hispanics and Caucasians. Their rate was almost five times that of Chinese Americans (1 case per 1,000 per year) and almost twice that of Caucasians (2.4 cases per 1,000 per year). However, these apparent risk differences among races almost disappeared (dropping from twice as likely, a significant difference, to no more than one-and-a-half times as likely, an insignificant difference) when researchers used statistical techniques to exclude the two traditional risk factors for heart disease. “When all major factors are taken into account, the differences between races for heart failure largely evaporate in the absence of diabetes and hypertension among African-Americans,” says senior study investigator João Lima, M.D. According to Lima, an associate professor of medicine and radiology at The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and its Heart Institute, these early results add to other interesting findings from the so-called Multiethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). The study, started in 2001, is monitoring its ethnically diverse participants for six to eight years to see who develops heart failure and who does not. It is the first large-scale analysis of racial or ethnic differences in heart function. So far, 79 study participants have developed congestive heart failure. Other results presented at the meeting showed differences among races in heart strain, or contraction, which may contribute to disparities in heart failure, albeit to a lesser extent. Indeed, African-American hearts were found to contract less strongly than those of Hispanic, Caucasian, or Chinese-American backgrounds. Lima cautions, however, that much remains to be understood about the root causes of racial disparities and how to fix them. He points out that while African-Americans are at much higher risk of heart failure, there is no similarly higher number for risk of suffering heart attack, which, like diabetes and hypertension, often leads to heart failure. In MESA, researchers found a reverse relationship, with African-Americans having the lowest rates of heart failure due to myocardial infarct (at 25 percent), while other races had a much higher proportion: Caucasians (40 percent), Hispanics (42 percent), and Chinese Americans (100 percent.) Lima says the difference could be due to successful disease prevention efforts among all racial groups, except for African-Americans, at controlling hypertension. “A lot of public health attention has already been paid to getting high blood pressure under control, so it may be just that this risk factor is under tighter control in some ethnic groups than in others,” he says. “African-Americans are clearly getting heart failure from causes other than heart attack.” According to lead researcher Hossein Bahrami, M.D., M.P.H., the message to physicians is clear, “warding off heart failure in African-Americans requires aggressive treatment of diabetes and hypertension. Whether through increased screening or greater emphasis on drug therapies, these are two risk factors that must be brought under control.” Bahrami says the team’s next steps are to determine why different rates exist for these risk factors and the role played by biological and environmental factors. Editor's Note: Doctor: 5 Secrets They Don't Teach. (Could Save Your Heart!) Diabetes Is Linked to Heart Disease — Cure It. 2. Blood Pressure Predicts Stroke Risk Systolic blood pressure is an important predictor of stroke risk among men and women and across racial groups , according to a report in the American Journal of Hypertension. Systolic blood pressure — the top reading of the blood pressure — has been shown to be a better predictor of stroke than diastolic blood pressure — the lower reading — among apparently healthy white men, the authors explain, but it is unclear whether this holds true for women and African-Americans. Dr. David W. Brown and colleagues from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in Atlanta, investigated whether various blood pressure parameters — individually and in combination — improved the prediction of stroke events, using data from the Second National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES II) Mortality Study. The study population included 3,295 men and 3,462 women. Over a median follow-up of nearly 15 years, 113 fatal strokes occurred. Brown's team found that increasing systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, pulse pressure, and mean arterial pressure were individually associated with an increased risk of fatal stroke. Adding any other parameter to systolic blood pressure did not improve its ability to predict stroke, the results indicate. Specifically, for every 10 mm Hg increase in systolic blood pressure, the relative risk of stroke was 1.19 for men, 1.15 for women, 1.17 for whites, and 1.28 for African-Americans. These results "agree with those from previous studies and show that systolic blood pressure is an important risk predictor for fatal stroke . . . and provide further evidence of the need to control systolic blood pressure in the population," the investigators conclude. SOURCE: American Journal of Hypertension, March 2007. © Reuters 2007. Editor's Note: Special: Blood Pressure Woes Most People Who Have It, Don't Know It Can Be Cured Naturally Put the Pleasure Back in Eating — 60 Anti-Hypertension Recipes! 3. Omega-3 Affects Depression, Inflammation A new study suggests that people whose diets contain dramatically more of one kind of polyunsaturated fatty acid than another may be at greater risk for both clinical depression and certain inflammatory diseases. The report, published online this week in the journal Psychosomatic Medicine, suggests that we need to balance out our intake of omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids. The current typical American diet contains 20 times more omega-6 than omega-3, a ratio that researchers say should be lowered to 4-to-1, or even 2-to-1. This is the most recent in a long series of experiments Ohio State University researchers have conducted on the links between psychological stress and immunity. The addition of dietary questions to studies that have previously focused solely on emotional and biochemical markers may yield important new clues about the immune system. “In this study, we're looking at the intersection of behavior, immune function and diet. In past experiments, we concentrated only on the first two,” explained Jan Kiecolt-Glaser, professor of psychiatry and psychology at Ohio State and lead author on the paper. “It now appears that diet is a very important variable in the equation as to how people respond to depression and stress.” The study, conducted in OSU's Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, focused on a group of 43 middle-aged to elderly men and women, nearly half of which were the caregiver spouses of people with Alzheimer's or other dementias. By including caregivers who typically report greater stress and more depression than similar adults who are not caregiving, the researchers could look at how depression and diet might interact to affect inflammation. The analysis showed that participants who had much more omega-6 — compared to omega-3 — fatty acids, and who also were reporting more symptoms of depression, had much higher levels of two cytokines which enhance inflammation. “The data suggest that higher depression and a poorer diet in terms of omega-3 can work together to promote inflammation. Other researchers have shown that clinically depressed people — those with more severe depression — often have lower omega-3 levels in their blood, and several studies have shown that supplementing diets with omega-3 improves depression,” Kiecolt-Glaser said, although the reason isn't clear. However Dr. Russell Blaylock, author of NewsMax’s “Blaylock Wellness Report,” would tell you that we do indeed know the cause: vegetable oils and lack of fruit. As he writes in his special report on omega-3: “Widespread use of vegetable oils places [Americans’] consumption ratio of omega-6 to omega-3 fats anywhere from 10-to-1 to as high as 20-to-1. This is a dangerous disparity. The proper ratio is one omega-6 fat to every omega-3. Your ratio should never be more than 2-to-1. “Doctors learned a lot about the effects of excessive immune system activation [which results in chronic inflammation] on depression by studying patients who received injections of specific immune cytokines. “Omega-3 oils suppress deadly inflammation very safely and efficiently, as do many of the flavonoids found in fruits and vegetables. Combining these two classes of nutrients can significantly reduce depression, as well as the risk of most neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's." Martha Belury, an associate professor of human nutrition, endocrinology, diabetes and metabolism at Ohio State and co-author of the study, said the design of the study was important. “We looked at people who were experiencing real depression, not those whose depression arose as a part of some experiment, and we could clearly see a relationship between lower omega-3 fatty acids and certain markers of depression and inflammation.” Belury said that current recommendations allow up to two servings each week of cold-water fish —– the best source of omega-3 — such as salmon or trout. This would not apply to pregnant women, she said, where concerns are greater about the heavy metal contamination such fish might contain. Omega-3 is also available as nutritional supplements “This study has shown that even in people who did not take supplements, maybe just a little bit more omega-3, could help reduce their markers for both stress and depression,” Belury said. “The important message for consumers is that they don't have to take mega-doses of omega-3 to have some impact. It might not take a whole lot to have a significant clinical impact,” Belury said. The researchers are now starting a larger, more comprehensive randomized and controlled trial of omega-3 in adults between the ages of 50 and 80 in hopes of testing the questions raised in this pilot study. Ron Glaser, professor of internal medicine, molecular virology, immunology and medical genetics; David Beversdorf, an assistant professor of neurology; Stanley Lemeshow, dean of the College of Public Health, and Kyle Porter, a statistician in the Center for Biostatistics, were also part of the project. The research was supported in part by the National Institutes of Health. Editor's Note: Offset Your Salty, Soy-filled Diet With Omega-3 — Find Out Why Here. Doctor: Cholesterol Is Biggest Medical Myth, Inflammation Is Key. 4. Managing Your Moods Can Benefit Your Health Learning how to deal with negative emotions and create positive ones may help you avoid many health problems. Your emotions may originate in your brain, but they don’t confine themselves to your mind. They express themselves in your body as well — in your heartbeat, your respiratory rate, your blood pressure, and many other physical functions. Usually, strong emotions come and go, and normal physiological equilibrium is restored. But when emotional stressors endure for long periods of time, they can tip the balance of chemicals in brain and body and affect your health, often for the worse. Learning to recognize the physiological consequences of your emotions, and finding ways to establish emotional balance in your life, can help you avoid many health problems that may result from the way you react to the world around you. Consider susceptibility to the common cold, for example. A study published in the November/December 2006 issue of the journal Psychosomatic Medicine suggests emotional factors can affect resistance to cold and flu symptoms. Researchers interviewed 193 healthy volunteers daily for two weeks about the positive and negative emotions they had experienced each day, recording the results. They then exposed subjects to a cold or flu virus. Fewer positive-thinkers became infected, and positive thinkers who did become infected, had less pronounced symptoms than subjects with more negative emotions. Only 28 percent of infected individuals who often reported positive emotions developed symptoms such as cough or congestion, compared to 41 percent of those who rarely reported positive emotions. “Positive emotions are thought to be beneficial to health,” said Darin D. Dougherty, M.D., Massachusetts General Hospital. “But when we experience negative emotions in excess, they can be physically and psychologically harmful. Chronic excess anger, for example, is linked to a higher risk of hypertension, diabetes, and heart disease. For this reason, it’s important to strive to stabilize your emotions. “The good news is that we can minimize health problems associated with emotional stressors by seeking out circumstances that make us feel positive, avoiding as much as possible situations that cause us distress, and by using stress reduction techniques to address the stresses that we can’t control.” Responses to emotion-evoking events that involve conscious thought are generated within the cortex, a region of the brain responsible for reasoning, voluntary muscle movement, and memory. Even more rapid reactions occur without conscious control. This is the work of the limbic system, a network of brain regions involved in many primary emotions. It responds to emotional triggers by activating the autonomic nervous system, which controls the automatic functions of the body, such as circulation, digestion, and respiration. The autonomic nervous system physically prepares the body for action when necessary, and helps restore a normal, relaxed state when the need for action passes. The limbic system generates physiological and behavioral responses to emotions that are stereotypic patterns displayed by every human being. These responses often involve outward manifestations of emotion, such as facial expressions and muscle tightening. The patterns — such as the downcast facial expression of sadness — are so universal we recognize them in others. But many physical and behavioral effects generated by the limbic system may be hidden from view inside our bodies. These include responses to emotion such as increases in heart rate and blood pressure, constriction of blood vessels, and gastrointestinal disturbances. The intensity of emotional responses and their effects on the body can be influenced by a number of physiological factors, including patterns of brain activation, levels of hormones, levels of brain chemicals called neurotransmitters, and patterns of autonomic nervous system activity. Research suggests that each emotion is associated with a characteristic set of physiological responses. Here are examples of common emotions, along with some observed physical consequences: Anger: Increase in diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, and cardiac output; changes in respiration; dilation of blood vessels (flushing); dilation of pupils and tearing of eyes; tensing of muscles; hyperactivity (pacing, tapping feet, etc.); focused vision; sweating; stimulation of upper gastrointestinal (GI) contractions and acid secretion; suppression of immune response. Fear/anxiety: Increase in systolic blood pressure, heart rate, and cardiac output; constriction of blood vessels (pale skin); increased muscle tension; changes in respiration; tightening of throat; trembling; light-headedness; shortness of breath; sweating; nausea; inhibition of contractions and secretions of the upper GI tract (feelings of lack of appetite and fullness); stimulation of the motility and secretions of the lower GI (abdominal pain and diarrhea); suppression of immune response. Shame/guilt: Flushing or warmth in the upper chest and face; irregular breathing; increased pro-inflammatory activity; increased vulnerability to stress Joy/pleasure: Slowing of heart rate and respiration, lower blood pressure. Sadness/grief: Tightness in throat and eyes; relaxation of arm and leg muscles; increased heart rate and elevated blood pressure; shortness of breath; insomnia; pain; gastrointestinal symptoms; fatigue; headache; chest pressure; backache; dizziness; suppression of immune response. Disgust: Slowed heart rate; nausea; increased salivation. Loneliness: Sleep disturbance; lack of appetite; reduced energy; headaches or stomach pain; high blood pressure; elevated stress hormones. Love/desire: Slowed heart and respiration rate; muscle relaxation; enhanced immune response. When intense (love sickness), can be associated with dry throat, increased respiration; changes in appetite, and sleep disturbance. Humor/laughter: Release of tension; lowered blood pressure, heart rate and respiration rate; elevated immune response; improved pain tolerance; increased levels of endorphins resulting in improved mood. When emotional stressors such as anger or loneliness affect the body repeatedly, or over a long period of time, they can compromise the health of vulnerable individuals. Such prolonged stress is associated with a variety of disorders, including metabolic syndrome (a precursor to Type 2 diabetes characterized by insulin resistance, hypertension, and elevated levels of unhealthy LDL cholesterol), cardiovascular problems, confusion, poor memory, allergies, ulcers, functional bowel disorders, insomnia, and rapid aging. Fortunately, you can reduce your risk of health problems associated with emotional wear and tear by paying attention to your emotional reactions and taking steps to establish emotional balance. Minimize emotional stress by buffering yourself from upsetting situations as much as possible. Adopt a positive attitude toward life. Pursue activities that you enjoy, and seek out people with whom you can be yourself. To build up resilience, eat a nutritious diet, avoid drugs, limit alcohol, exercise, get adequate sleep, and take time to relax. “If you find you can’t manage your emotions on your own, it’s important to get help,” Dougherty says. “There are effective therapies available that can help you reduce unhealthy stress and restore a sense of calm and control to your life.” What you can do when emotions seem overwhelming, try these techniques for rapidly establishing more emotional balance: Learn relaxation techniques. Yoga, deep-breathing exercises, meditation, and visualization can help you reduce emotional stress. Do things that relax your senses. Play soothing music; go somewhere where you can see or walk in peaceful natural surroundings; get a massage. Release energy. Take out your anxiety or anger through vigorous physical activity such as raking leaves, doing housework, or going for a brisk walk. Talk about it. Make a date with a loved one or trusted friend and vent your feelings. Talking about what bothers you can be a good way to diffuse pent up emotions. Editor's Note: Insider’s Guide to Being Young and Healthy — FREE! Editor's Notes: Doctor: 5 Secrets They Don't Teach. (Could Save Your Heart!) Diabetes Is Linked to Heart Disease — Cure It. Special: Blood Pressure Woes: Most People Who Have It, Don't Know It. Can Be Cured Naturally. Put the Pleasure Back in Eating — 60 Anti-Hypertension Recipes! Offset Your Salty, Soy-Filled Diet With Omega-3 — Find Out Why Here. Doctor: Cholesterol Is Biggest Medical Myth, Inflammation Is Key. Insider’s Guide to Being Young and Healthy — FREE!

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Women's Health, Menopause, Leukemia, Stem Cells, Gynecology Pituitary Hormone Implicated In Bone Loss After Menopause Science Daily — New evidence in the April 21, 2006 Cell challenges...

 

 

Pituitary Hormone Implicated In Bone Loss After Menopause

Science Daily — New evidence in the April 21, 2006 Cell challenges the long-standing notion that declining estrogen levels alone lead to osteoporosis after women go through menopause. The researchers rather found that high levels of pituitary-derived follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) cause bone loss in mice. The pituitary is a master gland found at the base of the brain.

What's more, the researchers reported, mice with symptoms of severe estrogen deficiency, lacking either the FSH hormone or its receptor, became resistant to bone loss.

FSH normally triggers egg development and stimulates estrogen production by the ovaries, the researchers explained. As women approach menopause and estrogen levels decline, the pituitary gland responds by releasing more FSH.

Treatments that prevent bone loss by blocking FSH might therefore offer alternative methods to treat or prevent osteoporosis without the risks associated with other hormone replacement therapies, said Mone Zaidi of Mount Sinai School of Medicine. For example, estrogen replacement therapy has been linked to an increased risk of breast cancer, especially when taken in combination with progesterone, he said.

"For the last three decades, the idea has clearly been that estrogen loss is responsible for the changes experienced in postmenopausal women--including flushing, dryness, and bone loss," Zaidi said. "Although FSH levels rise sharply in parallel to estrogen decline, a direct effect of FSH on the skeleton had never before been explored."

"We've now found that, irrespective of the nature or severity of estrogen deficiency, an intact pituitary and, more specifically, high FSH levels are prerequisites for bone loss in animals with reduced or absent ovarian function."

Osteoporosis affects nearly 45 million women worldwide with fracture rates that far exceed the combined incidence of breast cancer, stroke, and heart attacks, the researchers said. The disease results from a disruption of the fine balance between bone formation and resorption. After menopause, resorption exceeds new bone formation, leading to a net bone loss that can be slowed by estrogen therapy through mechanisms that have remained somewhat murky, Zaidi said.

However, emerging evidence has begun to cast some doubt on whether estrogen deficiency can fully explain bone loss after menopause, he added. For example, mice without an intact pituitary gland become resistant to the effects of ovary loss on bone density. FSH levels also show a closer correlation than estrogen levels to the rate of bone turnover in postmenopausal women.

The researchers now show that mice lacking FSH or its receptor become resistant to bone loss despite severe loss of ovarian function. In mice with normal ovaries and approximately half the normal concentration of FSH, bone mass increased due to a decline in bone resorption by cells known as osteoclasts, which break down bone. Indeed, they report, FSH stimulates receptors found on the surface of bone-degrading osteoclasts and their precursors, leading to the bone cells' formation and function.

The study suggests that FSH plays a role in the normal process by which bone is mobilized by osteoclasts before it can be replaced, Zaidi said.

"As you run or walk throughout life, microcracks develop in bone," he explained. "Therefore, bone remodeling and replacement with new bone is required to maintain skeletal integrity. Osteoclasts essentially dig around those cracks to clear the way for repairs."

In combination with the research group's earlier finding that thyroid-stimulating hormone directly regulates the skeleton, the findings revise the understanding of how pituitary-derived hormones function, Zaidi added. Scientist had thought pituitary hormones acted primarily through their effects on other endocrine glands.

"This should change the textbook picture of pituitary hormone physiology," he said.

The researchers include Li Sun, Yuanzhen Peng of the Mount Sinai School of Medicine in New York, NY; Allison C. Sharrow of the University of Pittsburgh in Pittsburgh, PA and the VA Medical Center in Pittsburgh, PA; Jameel Iqbal and Zhiyuan Zhang of the Mount Sinai School of Medicine in New York, NY; Dionysios J. Papachristou of the University of Pittsburgh in Pittsburgh, PA and the VA Medical Center in Pittsburgh, PA; Samir Zaidi and Ling-Ling Zhu of the Mount Sinai School of Medicine in New York, NY; Beatrice B. Yaroslavskiy of the University of Pittsburgh in Pittsburgh, PA and the VA Medical Center in Pittsburgh, PA; Hang Zhou of the Mount Sinai School of Medicine in New York, NY; Alberta Zallone of the University of Bari in Bari, Italy; M. Ram Sairam of the Clinical Research Institute of Montreal in Montreal, Canada; T. Rajendra Kumar of the University of Kansas in Kansas City, KS; Wei Bo and Jonathan Braun of the University of California, Los Angeles in Los Angeles, CA; Luis Cardoso-Landa, Mitchell B. Schaffler and Baljit S. Moonga of the Mount Sinai School of Medicine in New York, NY; Harry C. Blair of the University of Pittsburgh in Pittsburgh, PA and the VA Medical Center in Pittsburgh, PA; and Mone Zaidi of the Mount Sinai School of Medicine in New York, NY.

Sun et al.: "FSH Directly Regulates Bone Mass: Implications for Understanding the Pathogenesis of Osteoporosis Due to Hypogonadism." Publishing in Cell 125, 247-260, April 21, 2006. DOI 10.1016/j.cell.2006.01.051 www.cell.com

Note: This story has been adapted from a news release issued by Cell Press.

 

Find more ways to strengthen your bones with RealAge Smart Search.

 

===============

Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FHS)

Now, let us see exactly what the King said:

"The king made his remarks Wednesday at the opening session of the two-day Arab summit his country hosted in Riyadh. It was believed to be the first time the king publicly expressed that opinion. 'In beloved Iraq, blood is flowing between brothers, in the shadow of an illegitimate foreign occupation, and abhorrent sectarianism threatens a civil war', said Abdullah, whose country is a U.S. ally that quietly aided the 2003 U.S.-led invasion of Iraq."

Saudi Arabia recently hosted the President of Russia and the President of Iran for secret talks. It is no secret that the Saudi throne is nearly at a panic stage over the way in which Washington is deliberately murdering Islamic people in Iraq, and threatening to murder Islamic people in Iran. Such activity ignites the flames of war; Saudi rulers are afraid their country will be caught in the firestorm which shall quickly ignite all areas of the Middle East should America attack Iran.

Consequently, Saudi Arabia is desperately trying to distance itself from the White House. This next article demonstrates just how badly the Saudis want to back away from the Americans.

NEWS BRIEF: "Saudi Arabia turning its back on US", YNET News, 3/30/2007

"WASHINGTON – Just when the United States is attempting to support the moderate Arab countries and form a united coalition against Iran and Syria, it appears that Riyadh is turning its back on Washington. Washington Post columnist Jim Hoagland revealed this week that Saudi King Abdullah cancelled a mid-April White House gala without providing a convincing explanation ... Bush and his senior advisers were not convinced by Bandar's vagueness – especially since it followed Saudi decisions to seek common ground with Iran and the radicals of Hizbullah and Hamas .."

Notice that President Bush and certain of his Cabinet members drew a line instantly from the Saudi throne to Iran, Hizbullah, and Hamas. They are probably right in doing so. The Saudi government seems like the skipper on duty on the night the Titanic hit the iceberg: they can see the berg straight ahead and are desperately trying to turn their massive ship of state quickly enough to avoid the collision.

Will they succeed? If America goes down in this fight, Saudi Arabia will likely fall rather quickly to the hordes of Islamic militants storming the palace gates.

 

IV. A propaganda story out of Israel yesterday seemed to take all the worry Israel might have had concerning Iran's supposed nuclear threat.

Does this story mean that Israel now will no longer push the United States to attack Iran?

NEWS BRIEF: "Arrow anti-missile system can fully protect against Iran", By YAAKOV KATZ, The Jerusalem Post, March 30, 2007

"Recent modifications made to the Arrow enable Israel's ballistic missile defense system to successfully intercept and destroy any ballistic missile in the Middle East, including nuclear-capable missiles under development by Iran, Arieh Herzog, the head of the Defense Ministry's Homa Missile Defense Agency, has told The Jerusalem Post."

"On Monday, the IAF successfully tested a newly modified Arrow interceptor. Iran and Syria, Herzog said, were investing unprecedented amounts of money in long-range ballistic missile capabilities - with the help of North Korea - and had all but given up building modern air forces. 'The Iranians are continually increasing the range of their missiles', he said. 'They are buying technology and in some cases even complete systems from North Korea and other countries'."

"... while there might be missile systems in Iranian hands that the Arrow could not intercept, all of the ballistic missiles 'currently operational' in the Islamic Republic could be destroyed by the Israeli defense system. 'Our Arrow operational system can without a doubt deal with all of the operational threats in the Middle East, particularly in Iran and Syria', he declared."

Knowing that Israel possesses the most potent weapons system on earth -- Scalar Weaponry -- we have long maintained that America and Israel continually mislead their people in this area of ballistic missile defense.

We see constant stories about researchers trying to perfect the anti-missile defense system which consists of one missile physically hitting the other -- a system which has been rightly compared in difficulty to hit one bullet with another bullet!

Both the HAARP and Scalar Weapons system can erect a Tesla Dome over the area targeted by ballistic missiles. Nothing can penetrate that Scalar Dome -- not planes, not missiles, and not even birds! All are destroyed when they strike this Dome. Note the picture of a Tesla Dome in this article reference above.

Therefore, this news story about the Israeli Arrow Missile System is sheer propaganda, designed to placate a very worried Israeli people. And, why shouldn't they be worried? For over a year now, Israeli government leaders from Prime Minister Olmert downward, and many Jewish journalists, have been publicly warning that Iran planned to launch a nuclear attack by their missiles.

The panic amongst the Jewish population must be so high that this propaganda article was publicized!

V. More stories have appeared in Mass Media hyping the possibility of a nuclear terrorist attack. With the story line of the TV series, "24", following this exact scenario, we must take the possibility seriously that the Illuminati might be planning another "9/11" type of attacks, this time using a nuclear device.

NEWS BRIEF: "Risks grow of terrorists getting nukes", By HILARY LEILA KRIEGER
WASHINGTON, The Jerusalem Post, March 30, 2007

"There is a growing threat that terrorist groups such as Hizbullah will acquire nuclear or other WMD technology, a senior US State Department official told The Jerusalem Post this week. He indicated that there are a 'large number' of nuclear smuggling incidents each year, some of which are 'substantial' and not limited to low-grade material ... 'It's a bigger threat than it was in the past... You see work by the groups to try to acquire the means. It's not just the will. They are working to acquire the means', he said."

This next article brings the threat to American soil.

NEWS BRIEF: "Richardson: 'Nuclear 9-11' Is Possible", Breitbart News, March 28, 2007

"WASHINGTON (AP) - Democratic presidential candidate Bill Richardson said the United States needs to do more to prevent a 'nuclear 9-11', a threat that he argues has been neglected because the Bush administration has been consumed with Iraq. The New Mexico governor said the United States must lead an effort to secure nuclear materials in Russia and dangerous areas of the world so they can't get into terrorists' hands. 'If al-Qaida obtained nuclear weapons, they would not hesitate to use them with the same ruthlessness that allowed them to fly airplanes filled with people into buildings', he said in a speech to the Nitze School of Advanced International Studies at Johns Hopkins University."

Bill Richardson is a member of both the CFR (Council on Foreign Relations) and the secret society known as the Bilderbergers ("Who's Who of the Elite", by Robert Gaylon Ross, Sr., p. 141).

Therefore, he is speaking from the script provided him by the Illuminati. For those of you who may not be aware of the reality that New World Order writers consider that the total Plan for a Global Government, Economy and Religion and the staging of a Masonic Christ is a "script", with each leader simply reading his/her lines, let us quickly review a succinct quote from a major Illuminist leader.

This is the most detailed and global "script" ever written, and it is so brilliant and so carefully carried out, you will discover that your limits of understanding and believability will be stretched to the limit. In fact, most people will consider the idea ludicrous that such a detailed script could be written so that virtually everything that comes out of the mouth of a CFR member is scripted. In fact, the Illuminati realizes that most people simply will not believe this to be true, and they count on the willful ignorance of the average citizen to cover their activities.

As we have stated on many occasions, the Illuminati Plan calls for at least New York City to be hit with a terrorist nuke. Listen now to New World Order author, Bill Cooper.

Not only does Cooper mention New York City being hit with a planned terrorist nuclear device, but since the Illuminati loves to "telegraph its punches", I am watching the current series of "24" with fear and trepidation. The new '24' opens with scenes of Islamic urban terror. Multiple acts of terror were being carried out in multiple cities. Civilian losses were reported in the many hundreds overall, and the President was very concerned. His Cabinet included a very hardline White House Chief of Staff Lennox, who favored dictatorial measures, including the herding of many tens of thousands of people into concentration camps.

The ending of the second show was startling, for two reasons:

) All of America undoubtedly shared the shock and wrenching feeling in the gut when they watched live satellite feed showing the explosion of the suitcase nuclear bomb. The scene was in the Oval Office, as the President and members of his cabinet watched the unfolding horror of all horrors -- a nuclear explosion in an urban area.

2) This scene is exactly what the Illuminati has planned for all of America!

Now, let us get back to the "unparalleled disaster" which '24' is about to portray to the American people. At the end of the Monday show, we saw that one suitcase nuclear bomb had exploded, and that four more were in the country. Following weekly segments are going to reveal the frantic efforts of government officials to find these four bombs before they are detonated, and the sheer terror unleashed in America when at least some of the remaining four are exploded.

Americans will watch their beloved country being ravaged by conventional and nuclear terrorism and feel the terror being displayed on the screen. When Americans on '24' lose their Constitutional rights and liberties, and when some American citizens are caught in the "wide net" of the concentration camp program, many average American viewers will sympathize with authorities and convince themselves that this terrible action was justified by events. Therefore, when the actual terror is unfolding, too many Americans will simply go along with the illegal acts of the governments, having been prior conditioned by this awful show.

Therefore, since the Illuminati loves to telegraph its punches, I believe it highly likely that the remarks of CFR's Bill Richardson, above, reflect actual Illuminati planning. Unparalleled disaster is what the Illuminati has planned. Of course, we know that #9 will occur at the very end of this period. However, please carefully consider that these terrible events are to happen together, as a unit; further, former Satanists have told me that this entire set of disasters will occur within a 13-week time frame (91 days). Therefore, no single event is going to occur if all other events are not ready to go -- at least ready to go within 91 days.

Therefore, I believe it is no accident that Richardson's remarks about the dangers of a nuclear terrorist device, and the series "24" having a nuclear terrorist plot this year, plus the rumors of war about war against Iran, may add up to an unparalleled disaster throughout the world.

World War III is likely to erupt, triggering terrorism throughout the Western world, and the loss of democratically elected governments in every nation now electing its leaders. America's Constitution will be dissolved, using terrorism as the excuse. Not only is this the Plan, but it is one of the major parts of the current "24" series.

Listen to this Plan as it has been espoused:

NEWS BRIEF: "Gen. Franks Doubts Constitution Will Survive WMD Attack", by NewsMax, 11/21/03.

"Gen. Tommy Franks says that if the United States is hit with a weapon of mass destruction that inflicts large casualties, the Constitution will likely be discarded in favor of a military form of government ... the former commander of the military’s Central Command warned that if terrorists succeeded in using a weapon of mass destruction (WMD) against the U.S. or one of our allies, it would likely have catastrophic consequences for our cherished republican form of government."

The New World Order Plan could not have stated the plan any better!

Now, listen to the original Plan, as taught by the Protocols of the Learned Elders of Zion, one of the premier Illuminati planning documents falsely written as a Jewish conspiracy to take over the world.

Make no mistake about where this war on Terrorism is leading us -- straight into Totalitarianism! More terror:

This seems to be the kind of terror which is building on the current "24" TV series. America is going to be in for a very rough time -- and we believe it will occur before the Rapture (Read NEWS1687 and NEWS1408 for the official position on the Rapture by Cutting Edge Ministries)

VI. The war in Iraq suddenly surged out of control, giving the lie to American claims of success in their "surge" offensive in Baghdad.

NEWS BRIEF: "Over 100 killed in multiple blasts in Iraq: Including at least 60 in twin bomb blasts at a public market, The Times of India, 30 March 2007"

"BAGHDAD: More than 100 Iraqis were killed in a series of explosions in and around Baghdad, including at least 60 in twin bomb blasts at a public market ... The explosion came shortly after at least 37 people were killed and over 70 were injured in a bomb attack in the eastern Shia town of Khalis, about 62 km east of here..."

"Ten people were killed in a car bomb blast near a mosque in Mahmudiya, some 30 km from the capital..."

"...two separate car bomb attacks killed around five people and wounded 20 in southern Baghdad - one in Bayaa district and another near a gas station in Amel district..."

"US-led coalition forces killed four terrorist suspects and detained 15 during operations Thursday."

Violence occurred all over Iraq on March 29. But, that is not unusual, as this next story dated March 27 reports.

NEWS BRIEF: "Truck bombs hit markets in northwest Iraqi city of Tal Afar, killing and wounding more than 200 people", Kim Gamel , The Associated Press, reprinted in Canada.com, March 27, 2007

"BAGHDAD — Two truck bombs shattered markets in Tal Afar on Tuesday, killing at least 63 people and wounding dozens in the second assault in four days on a predominantly Shiite Muslim city hit by a resurgence in violence a year after it was held up as a symbol of U.S. success."

Did you catch that truth? Just one year after American officials held Tal Afar up as a "success story", insurgents are back in the city, with incredible ability to carry out attacks at will. This pattern has repeated itself numerous times since the invasion began, so remember this when you hear American military and/or civilian leaders touting their success in a particular operation.

These leaders are counting on you having a very short memory. Now, let us return to the violence being reported in this story. We shall list the incidents of violence in bullet format.

* "After the bombings, suspected Sunni insurgents tried to ambush ambulances carrying the injured out of the northwestern city but were driven off by police gunfire."

* "A major Sunni Arab insurgent group reported its military leader was slain outside Baghdad."

* "In Baghdad, a U.S. soldier and an American working as a U.S. government contractor were killed by a rocket attack on the heavily guarded Green Zone ... Another contract worker suffered serious wounds and three were slightly wounded."

Stories like this one really demonstrate the loss of control the American military has suffered lately. The Green Zone is the combined Headquarters of American military and the Iraqi government. At the beginning of the war, American control was so pervasive that no insurgent could get close enough to launch an attack. Lately, though, attacks have been commonplace, and rumors have been swirling that, when the insurgents launch their "Tet-style Offensive", the Green Zone will be overrun.

* "U.S. soldiers ... foiled two suicide truck bombings aimed at their base in a small town 50 miles west of Baghdad and killed as many as 15 attackers..."

* "Iraqi police reported at least 109 people killed or found dead nationwide."

* "On Saturday, a man wearing an explosives belt blew himself up outside a pastry shop in Tal Afar’s central market area, killing at least 10 people and wounding three."

* "Elsewhere in the capital, mortar rounds slammed into a Shiite Muslim enclave in the Sunni Arab-dominated Dora neighborhood, killing four people, including two children — the second deadly mortar attack on the area in three days."

* "Police also opened fire on a suicide car bomber as he drove toward a checkpoint near a cemetery in the city center, but he was able to set off his explosives and killed one officer while seriously wounding three people..."

As you can see, violence is seizing Iraq from so many points that it seems impossible for any combination of forces to maintain control.

 

---------- Articles Posted ----------

* "All Signs Point To War Attack On Iran! ONE Sign In Particular Would Alert Any Intelligence Analyst!"

Prophecy in Isaiah 13 says that the End of the Age final judgment against Ancient Babylon (Iraq) will further flow to God's judgment against the whole world. (NEWS1704)

If Iran is attacked, the likelihood is that the entire Middle East will boil over in war and World War III will ensue! The progress in the prophecy, above, will prove true -- Iraq first in war, followed by the entire earth! -- http://cuttingedge.org/news/n2199.cfm

* "Western Pressure Has Now Forced Turkey Out of the Pro-American Orbit and Into the Russian - Iranian Orbit! Turkey is now aligning herself with Russia, just as Ezekiel 38-39 prophecy foretells."

In earlier articles, we noted that President Bush's policies have forced Iran into the Russian orbit, thus preparing her to march with Russian-led forces in the invasion of Israel.

Now, Turkey is moving toward Russia! Just as Ezekiel 38-39 foretold 2,600 years ago!

http://cuttingedge.org/news/n2198.cfm

* "The Old Rugged Cross" - by Andy and Berit Kjos

“O most merciful Christ,” wrote the faithful reformer John Hus, as he waited for his execution in 1415 AD, “give us a courageous spirit, so that it may be ready. And if the flesh is weak, may your grace go before it, for without you we can do nothing.”

In the eyes of the Catholic church establishment, Hus had committed heresy. He believed that everyone should be allowed to read the Bible in their own language -- an unthinkable notion in a culture that reserved God's Word for elite students of Latin. He also opposed the pope's money-raising efforts to sell indulgences (the false assurance that people could buy pardon for sin instead of trusting in Christ's redemption through the cross). -- http://www.cuttingedge.org/articles/db086.htm

* "President Bush Is Continuing The Clinton Initiative To Move The American Economy To The Planned Fascist Economy"

Few people think of "Fascism" in economic terms, but that is its primary meaning. The Illuminati plans that the economy of the New World Order will be Fascist. Clinton and Bush are driving it there, as this news article demonstrates.

http://cuttingedge.org/news/n2197.cfm

* "Jesus' Tomb and Bones Discovery Conditioning Is Spreading Uncontested Throughout The World"

As we warned in NEWS2192, Step #4, "Repetition of the Shocking Subject" will occur in every channel of Mass Media, repetitions which shall not show critics stating that this "discovery" cannot be true. Consider these headlines:

1) "How The Resurrection Really Happened"
2) "DNA Tests Prove His Link With The Shroud of Turin"
3) "Much, much more on the Greatest Archaeology Find of All Time"!

4) Discovery Supports Da Vinci Code Claim! This conditioning is serious and is designed to prepare the way for Antichrist! -- http://cuttingedge.org/news/n2196.cfm

 

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				Do you want to change your picky eater's preference for fast foods and sugar? Does your preschooler refuse to touch the food you prepared for dinner? Does your little darling throw her food on the floor in defiance? If you answered yes to any of the above questions, you're not alone! A recent American Dietectic Study found that 49 percent of moms said they have a picky eater! Picky eating was once regarded as a phase to be outgrown. Regrettably today, many children never learn to eat nourishing foods. We're seeing the consequences from our present eating habits with overweight kids and kids who are experiencing diseases once reserved for adults. It's the synergy of the Baby Bite Steps which catapults your picky eater to healthy eating. When the steps are simultaneously applied, daily food battles are transformed into fun multi-sensory learning experiences. Betty Baby Bites and Try Rannosaurus are vital components used in the Baby Bite Steps. They not only offer a means to change negative mealtime patterns, but their enthusiasm for whole foods promote a new appreciation of nutritious foods for the picky eater. In addition to the Baby Bite Steps, you'll find many timesaving ideas, shortcuts, and tips in Baby Bites to be invaluable.There’s nutritional information, shopping tips, fun food facts and activities, plus super-nutritionally packed kid-tested recipes. In fact, if you’re a busy mom, whether or not you have a picky child, you’ll benefit from Baby Bites! Find out how your child will exclaim with Try Rannosaurus, "Green food is yummy!"  << "Fantastico!" Click on Betty Baby Bites to learn more. "Bravo!"

========================

 

From: RealAge Health@...

Subject: Today, March 30: Sprinkle these four herbs onto your salads . . .

RealAge Tips of the WEEK

Mar. 28 – Mar. 30, 2007

• 4 Herbs for High-Powered Salad Turn your salad into an overachieving super salad by adding fresh herbs and spices. Flavorful salads are antioxidant standouts, loaded with cell-protecting phenols. To boost the nutrition in your bowl -- and your belly -- add . . . Read more.   http://ramailer.realage.com/ct/click?q=f0-nvTDQWg4J4ILCZF2eOV1Otd~odRR   RealAge Tip of the DAY for March 28, 2007 •4 Herbs for High-Powered Salad Turn your salad into an overachieving super salad by adding fresh herbs and spices. Fresh herbs add extra cell-protecting phenols to salads. To boost the nutrition in your bowl -- and your belly -- add sage, rosemary, marjoram, and thyme. In a recent study, these herbs added the most antioxidants to a salad (fresh marjoram leaves more than doubled the antioxidant value). For spices, cumin soared up the salad chart. Second to cumin: fresh ginger. Which vegetables pack the strongest antioxidant punch? (see below↓)   Which vegetables pack the strongest antioxidant punch? Artichoke, beetroot, broccoli, garlic, a variety of leek, a type of radish, and spinach were top produce picks in a recent study. Adding onions also upped the antioxidant ante. Dressing gives you another opportunity to increase the antioxidant quotient of your salad. Extra-virgin olive oil shines brightest. For a healthful and low-fat alternative, try apple or wine vinegars. What about the leaves? Try some crunchy (and slightly bitter) red chicory with your romaine. Its pigments contain antioxidant flavonoids. Find more flavonoids sources here. Need more antioxidant sources? Check out this unusual way to get them. Bottom line: When it comes to your salads, skip the garden variety and spice it up. Recipe Corner: For a refreshing salad with a kick, try this recipe from EatingWell: Citrus-Cumin Splash. Find more recipes at EatingWell.com. RealAge Benefit: Getting the right amount of antioxidants through diet or supplements can make your RealAge 6 years younger. RealAge Smart Search: Whether dining in or out, find more ways to make your salads more healthful. Originally published on 03/28/2007. =============================== • Laugh It Up Giggle, snort, and laugh till it hurts. You -- and everyone around you -- will be healthier. In a recent study, sounds of laughter or cheering triggered . . . Read more. http://ramailer.realage.com/ct/click?q=1a-y6PkIlXHiM~46AEdvOWTxFq_C9RR   RealAge Tip of the DAY for March 29, 2007 •Laugh It Up Giggle, snort, and laugh till it hurts. You -- and everyone around you -- will be healthier. In a recent study, sounds of laughter or cheering triggered strong brain activity in listeners, particularly the brain areas that control the muscles of the face -- which means listeners were primed to smile or laugh, too. The response was automatic -- and contagious. Here's how laughter helps your health. (see below↓)   Laughter is good for both body and soul. It can thwart stress, boost the immune system, and help protect against the flu and even cancer. In a study, men who watched a favorite funny video had lower levels of stress hormones and higher amounts of growth hormone, both of which bolster the immune response. And study participants had more of the natural killer cells that target tumors and viruses. Just anticipating a chuckle or guffaw can keep you healthy and reduce stress. In another study, people who knew in advance that they would be watching a funny movie had elevated levels of growth hormone and more beta-endorphins (feel-good brain chemicals that block pain and help you relax). And these levels held steady throughout the hour of viewing as well as afterwards, for up to 24 hours. A mere 30 minutes of comic relief may be all you need for similar health benefits. So go ahead, laugh often and out loud. It's your -- and your friends', family's, and cronies' -- best medicine. Happier is healthier -- but if your mind isn't there yet, read this article on get-happy strategies. Just not much of a giggler? Here are other stress reduction strategies. RealAge Benefit: Laughing often can make your RealAge up to 8 years younger. RealAge Smart Search: Learn more about the health benefits of a good laugh. Originally published on 03/29/2007. ===================== • All About YOU: Bad to the Bone When it comes to your health, too much of a good thing can often be bad. Enter high-protein diets. While loading up on protein helps shed pounds, it also speeds up . . . Read more. http://ramailer.realage.com/ct/click?q=44-9nmfIZUtbw3ex71Ed1EFc32wKRRR   RealAge Tip of the DAY for March 30, 2007 •All About YOU: Bad to the Bone When it comes to your health, too much of a good thing can often be bad. Enter high-protein diets. While loading up on protein helps shed pounds, it also speeds up bone loss. Large amounts of protein -- a pound of chicken, fish, beef, or pork or 2.5 pounds of nuts per day -- prompt your body to excrete bone-building calcium rather than absorb it. Read on for another bone buster. (see below↓)

 

 

 

Melamine

 

Melamine - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Melamine is produced from urea, mainly by either of two methods: catalyzed gas-phase production or high pressure liquid-phase production. ... en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melamine - 20k -   Formaldehyde-melamine-sodium bisulfite copolymer - Wikipedia, the ... Formaldehyde-melamine-sodium bisulfite copolymer (or melamine foam) is a crystalline chemical compound. The foam, because of its microporous properties, ... en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magic_Eraser - 19k - What is Melamine? Brief and Straightforward Guide: What is Melamine? www.wisegeek.com/what-is-melamine.htm - 17k -   ================ http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=urea&btnG=Search   urea